Conrad: Physics reference tables (2025 Edition): index page

2026-10-25T20:29:54Z

Physics reference tables (2025 Edition): index page

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:NYS Physics Reference Tables {{Titlesub|· 2025 Edition}}}}
The ''Reference Tables for Physical Science: Physics'' (2025 Edition) are the reference tables students use throughout the Physics course and during the Regents Examination in Physical Science: Physics, which was first given in June 2026. They replace the Physical Setting/Physics Reference Tables (2006 Edition) used with the previous Physics Regents exam: eleven tables on six pages, most of them equation sheets, where the 2006 edition also had tables of friction coefficients, indices of refraction, resistivities, energy levels and particles.

Every table below links to a page with the table itself, what it shows, and the released Regents questions that depend on it. Each caption lists the performance expectation the table primarily supports; the equation sheets have a row anchor for every equation, so links from the standards pages and the chips on the cluster pages point at the equation a question needs.

== Constants, prefixes and vectors ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:List of Physical Constants.png|alt=List of Physical Constants (Physics Reference Tables)|[[List of Physical Constants]] every quantitative standard
File:Prefixes for Powers of 10.png|alt=Prefixes for Powers of 10 (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Prefixes for Powers of 10]] [[HS-PS4-1]], [[HS-PS4-5]]
File:Vectors.png|alt=Vectors (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Vectors]] [[HS-PS2-1]]
</gallery>

== HS. Forces and Interactions ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Motion and Forces.png|alt=Motion and Forces (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Motion and Forces]] [[HS-PS2-1]] · momentum [[HS-PS2-2]], [[HS-PS2-3]] · gravitation [[HS-PS2-4]]
</gallery>

== HS. Energy ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Energy.png|alt=Energy (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Energy]] [[HS-PS3-1]], [[HS-PS3-2]] · power and efficiency [[HS-PS3-3]] · ''Q'' = ''mc''Δ''T'' [[HS-PS3-4]]
File:Electricity.png|alt=Electricity (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Electricity]] circuits [[HS-PS3-6]] · electrostatics [[HS-PS2-4]], [[HS-PS3-5]]
File:Circuit Symbols.png|alt=Circuit Symbols (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Circuit Symbols]] [[HS-PS3-6]]
File:Series Circuits.png|alt=Series Circuits (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Series Circuits]] [[HS-PS3-6]]
File:Parallel Circuits.png|alt=Parallel Circuits (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Parallel Circuits]] [[HS-PS3-6]]
</gallery>

== HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation.png|alt=Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation (Physics Reference Tables)|[[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation]] [[HS-PS4-1]] · photons [[HS-PS4-3]], [[HS-PS4-4]] · optics [[HS-PS4-6]]
File:The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics).png|alt=The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics Reference Tables)|[[The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics)|The Electromagnetic Spectrum]] [[HS-PS4-4]], [[HS-PS4-5]]
</gallery>

== Which tables go with which standard ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard !! Relevant reference tables
|-
| [[HS-PS1-8]] Nuclear Processes || —
|-
| [[HS-PS2-1]] Newton's Laws || [[Motion and Forces#average-velocity|Motion and Forces – kinematics (v̄ = ''d''/''t'', ''a'' = Δ''v''/''t'', ''v''f = ''v''i + ''at'', ''d'' = ''v''i''t'' + ½''at''2, ''v''f2 = ''v''i2 + 2''ad'')]]; [[Motion and Forces#fnet-ma|Motion and Forces – ''F''net = ''ma'' and ''F''g = ''mg'']]; [[Vectors]]; [[List of Physical Constants#gravity|List of Physical Constants – ''g'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS2-2]] Conservation of Momentum || [[Motion and Forces#momentum|Motion and Forces – ''p'' = ''mv'']]; [[Motion and Forces#impulse|Motion and Forces – ''F''net''t'' = ''m''Δ''v'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS2-3]] Design for Collision Safety || [[Motion and Forces#impulse|Motion and Forces – ''F''net''t'' = ''m''Δ''v'' and ''p'' = ''mv'']]; [[Motion and Forces#fnet-ma|Motion and Forces – ''F''net = ''ma'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS2-4]] Gravitational and Electrostatic Forces || [[Motion and Forces#gravitation|Motion and Forces – ''F''g = ''Gm''1''m''2/''r''2]]; [[Electricity#coulomb|Electricity – ''F''e = ''kq''1''q''2/''r''2 and ''F''e = ''qE'']]; [[List of Physical Constants#gravitational-constant|List of Physical Constants – ''G'', ''k'' and ''e'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS2-5]] Electromagnetism || —
|-
| [[HS-PS3-1]] Energy Conservation || [[Energy#kinetic-energy|Energy – ''KE'', Δ''PE''g, ''PE''s, ''E''T = ''PE'' + ''KE'' + ''E''other and ''W''net = Δ''E''T]]; [[List of Physical Constants#gravity|List of Physical Constants – ''g'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS3-2]] Kinetic and Potential Energy || [[Energy#kinetic-energy|Energy – ''KE'' = ½''mv''2, Δ''PE''g = ''mg''Δ''h'', ''PE''s = ½''kx''2 and ''E''T = ''PE'' + ''KE'' + ''E''other]]; [[List of Physical Constants#gravity|List of Physical Constants – ''g'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS3-3]] Energy Conversion Devices || [[Energy#efficiency|Energy – % efficiency and ''P'' = ''W''/''t'']]; [[Electricity#electric-power|Electricity – ''P'' = ''VI'' = ''I''2''R'' = ''V''2/''R'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS3-4]] Thermal Energy and Heat || [[Energy#thermal-energy|Energy – ''Q'' = ''mc''Δ''T'']]; [[Electricity#electrical-energy|Electricity – ''W'' = ''Pt'' = ''VIt'' (energy delivered by an electric heater)]]
|-
| [[HS-PS3-5]] Forces and Fields || [[Electricity#coulomb|Electricity – ''F''e = ''kq''1''q''2/''r''2, ''F''e = ''qE'' and ''W'' = ''qV'']]; [[List of Physical Constants#electrostatic-constant|List of Physical Constants – ''k'' and ''e'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS3-6]] Ohm's Law and Circuits || [[Electricity#ohm|Electricity – ''V'' = ''IR'', ''P'' = ''VI'', ''W'' = ''Pt'' and ''I'' = Δ''q''/''t'']]; [[Circuit Symbols]]; [[Series Circuits]]; [[Parallel Circuits]]
|-
| [[HS-PS4-1]] Wave Properties || [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#wave-speed|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''v'' = ''f''λ, ''T'' = 1/''f'', ''n'' = ''c''/''v'', Snell's law and ''n''2/''n''1 = ''v''1/''v''2 = λ1/λ2]]; [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#photon-energy|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''E''photon = ''hf'']]; [[List of Physical Constants#speed-of-light|List of Physical Constants – ''c'', speed of sound and ''h'']]; [[The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics)|The Electromagnetic Spectrum]]; [[Prefixes for Powers of 10]]
|-
| [[HS-PS4-2]] Digital Transmission of Information || —
|-
| [[HS-PS4-3]] Wave-Particle Duality || [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#photon-energy|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''E''photon = ''hf'']]; [[List of Physical Constants#planck|List of Physical Constants – ''h'' and 1 eV]]
|-
| [[HS-PS4-4]] Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter || [[The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics)|The Electromagnetic Spectrum]]; [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#photon-energy|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''E''photon = ''hf'']]; [[List of Physical Constants#planck|List of Physical Constants – ''h'']]
|-
| [[HS-PS4-5]] Waves and Technology || [[The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics)|The Electromagnetic Spectrum]]; [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#wave-speed|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''v'' = ''f''λ]]
|-
| [[HS-PS4-6]] Lenses and Mirrors || [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#reflection|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – θi = θr, Snell's law, 1/''F'' = 1/''d''o + 1/''d''i and ''h''i/''h''o = −''d''i/''d''o]]
|-
| [[HS-ESS1-2]] Big Bang Theory || [[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#wave-speed|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''v'' = ''f''λ and ''E''photon = ''hf'']]; [[The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Physics)|The Electromagnetic Spectrum]]
|}
The engineering design standards ([[HS-ETS1-1]] to [[HS-ETS1-4]]) use no reference table.

== How the tables are used on the exam ==
No released question names a reference table. The June 2026 exam and the three NYSED sample clusters never say "using the Reference Tables"; a question asks for "a mathematical representation" or "one or more mathematical relationships", and the equation has to come from the tables. Of the 65 released questions, 28 need an equation or a constant from the tables and the rest are conceptual or are read from the data in the cluster. Three answer keys say in so many words that the bare equation earns no credit without the reasoning (June 2026 Q10, Q20 and Q26), and the numbers a question needs are supplied in the cluster: speeds of sound in tissue, laser frequencies, specific heats, masses, charges, forces. Parts no question has needed yet: Prefixes for Powers of 10, Vectors, Circuit Symbols, Series Circuits, Coulomb's law, universal gravitation, Snell's law and the lens equation.

On this wiki, a question that cannot be answered without a table carries a chip next to its standard on the cluster page, for example [[HS-PS2-1]] {{Rt|Motion and Forces|row=fnet-ma}} {{Rt|List of Physical Constants|row=gravity}}, and each table page lists those questions.

== About the 2025 Edition ==
Compared with the 2006 edition, the 2025 edition drops the tables of approximate coefficients of friction, absolute indices of refraction and resistivities, the energy-level diagrams for hydrogen and mercury, the classification-of-matter and particle tables of the standard model, and the geometry and trigonometry table (only the [[Vectors]] relationships remain); from the equation sheets it drops friction, spring force, centripetal force, the resistance of a wire and all of modern physics except ''E''photon = ''hf''. It adds percent efficiency, the lens equation and magnification, and the device bands on the spectrum chart. The current official PDF is published on NYSED's state assessment site, on the page titled "Reference Tables for Physical Science: Physics".

{{Pagecontributorsstatic}}
<metadesc>All eleven tables from the NYSED Reference Tables for Physical Science: Physics (2025 Edition), the successor to the Physical Setting/Physics Reference Tables, organized by course topic with the performance expectation each table supports and the released Regents questions that use it.</metadesc>

Physics Reference Tables - Revision history

Conrad: Physics reference tables (2025 Edition): index page