HS-LS1-2 | Body Systems and Functions

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Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on functions at the organism’s system level such as nutrient uptake, water delivery, immune response, and organism response to stimuli. An example of an interacting system could be an artery depending on the proper function of elastic tissue and smooth muscle to regulate and deliver the proper amount of blood within the circulatory system.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include interactions and functions at the molecular or chemical reaction level.

Assessment

What assessment of HS-LS1-2 might look like on a NY state exam.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Star of the Tide Pool Question 2
Homeostasis in Plants Question 30
June 2026 A Seasonal Strategy for Survival Question 1
Caffeine’s Effect on the Body Question 38
January 2026 Solving the Problem of Cat Allergies Question 15
Diabetes Question 24
Purple Insect Eater Question 40
August 2025 Trees Have Organ Systems Question 1
A Unique Relationship: Mulberries and Silk Question 13
How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert? Question 29
How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert? Question 31
June 2025 Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning! Question 6

Performance Level Descriptions

PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.

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Level 1: Given a model, identify components that show interactions of two systems within an organism.
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Level 2: Given a model, describe the organization of at least two systems and the interactions of those systems within an organism.
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Level 3: Complete a model to illustrate that the hierarchical organization of interacting systems provides specific functions within multicellular organisms.
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Level 4: Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
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Level 5: Develop and revise a model based on evidence to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Vocabulary

Terms from the Biology Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • antibiotic
  • artery
  • blood
  • cell
  • circulatory system
  • disease
  • elastic tissue
  • hierarchical organization
  • homeostasis
  • immune response
  • interacting systems
  • matter
  • multicellular organism
  • neural stimuli
  • nutrient uptake
  • organ
  • organ system
  • smooth muscle
  • stimulus (response to stimuli)
  • structure and function
  • system model
  • tissue
  • vaccination
From released exam questions

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-LS1-2.

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NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-LS1-2 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Developing and Using Models
    • Develop and use a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • LS1.A: Structure and Function
    • Multicellular organisms have a hierarchical structural organization, in which any one system is made up of numerous parts, and is itself a component of the next level.
    • (NYSED) Disease is a failure of homeostasis. Organisms have a variety of mechanisms to prevent and combat disease. Technological advances including vaccinations and antibiotics have contributed to the prevention and treatment of disease.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Systems and System Models
    • Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions - including energy, matter, and information flows – within and between systems at different scales.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Biology | HS. Structure and Function
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