HS-PS1-5 | Reaction Rates · NYS standard · Regents questions
Apply scientific principles and evidence to explain how the rate of a physical or chemical change is affected when conditions are varied.
Clarification statement: Explanations should be based on three variables in collision theory: number of collisions per unit time, particle orientation on collision, and energy required to produce the change. Conditions that affect these three variables include temperature, pressure, nature of reactants, concentrations of reactants, mixing, particle size, surface area, and addition of a catalyst.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to simple reactions in which there are only two reactants and to specifying the change in only one condition at a time.
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS1-5 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Chemistry Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
- bond energy
- catalyst
- chemical change
- chemical reaction
- collision theory
- concentration
- design solution
- energy
- evidence
- mixing
- nature of reactants
- number of collisions per unit time
- particle
- particle collision
- particle orientation
- particle size
- phenomenon
- physical change
- pressure
- rate of reaction
- reactant
- reaction
- rearrangement of particles
- substance
- surface area
- system
- temperature
- variable
- atom – Aug 2026
- bond – Aug 2026
- claim – June 2026
- clock reaction – June 2026
- closed system – June 2026
- decomposition – Aug 2026
- dissociation – June 2026
- effective collision – Aug 2026
- enzyme – June 2026
- equilibrium – June 2026
- evaporation – Aug 2026
- gas – Aug 2026, June 2026
- hydrocarbon – Aug 2026
- investigation – June 2026
- ion – June 2026
- metal – Aug 2026
- mixture – June 2026
- mole – Aug 2026
- molecule – Aug 2026, June 2026
- pH – June 2026
- product – Aug 2026
- activation energy – implied by "energy required to produce the change"
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS1-5 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS1-5.
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NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS1-5 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
- Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
- Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation of phenomena and solve design problems, taking into account possible unanticipated effects.
- PS1.B: Chemical Reactions
- (NYSED) Chemical processes, their rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of particles and the rearrangements of particles into new substances, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of substances that are matched by changes in energy.
- Patterns
- Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.