Difference between revisions of "HS-PS1-2"

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{{Navlinks|HS-PS2-6|HS-PS1-4|← HS-PS2-6|HS-PS1-4 →}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
{{learningstandard
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| ls = Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of
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| topic = Chemical Reactions
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chemical properties.
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| ls = Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
 
| cs = Examples of chemical reactions could include the reaction of sodium and chlorine, of carbon and oxygen, or of carbon and hydrogen.
 
| cs = Examples of chemical reactions could include the reaction of sodium and chlorine, of carbon and oxygen, or of carbon and hydrogen.
 
| ab = Assessment is limited to chemical reactions involving main group elements and combustion reactions.
 
| ab = Assessment is limited to chemical reactions involving main group elements and combustion reactions.
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}}
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== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
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{{assessmentmessage}}
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
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|-
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Chemistry Exam|August 2026 Chemistry Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Semiconductors|Semiconductors]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|Question 16]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry|Pool Water Chemistry]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|Question 22]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Safe Transport of Drinking Water|Safe Transport of Drinking Water]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Safe Transport of Drinking Water#q4|Question 47]]
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|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Chemistry Exam|June 2026 Chemistry Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom|How Glow Became Gloom]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|Question 3]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:All About Aluminum|All About Aluminum]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:All About Aluminum#q2|Question 43]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Chemistry sample question clusters|Chemistry sample clusters]] (Spring 2025)
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves|Evaluating Gas Stoves]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|Question 1]]
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|}
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== Vocabulary ==
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Terms from the [[Chemistry Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
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<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
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* atom
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* chemical property
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* chemical reaction
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* combustion reaction
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* electron state
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* element
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* evidence
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* investigation
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* main-group element
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* matter
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* nucleus
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* outermost electron state
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* periodic table
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* phenomenon
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* properties
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* proton
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* reactant
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* reaction
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* system
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* trend
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* trends in the periodic table
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</div>
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
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<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|aqueous (aq)]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Safe Transport of Drinking Water#q4|chemical formula]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:All About Aluminum#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|Sample 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|claim]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|climate change]] – Sample 2025
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|compound]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|June 2026]]
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|concentration]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|electron]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|June 2026]]
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* [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|hydrocarbon]] – Sample 2025
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|insoluble]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|ion]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|June 2026]]
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|ionization]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|metal]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|outermost energy level]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|oxidation state]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|pH]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|precipitate]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Safe Transport of Drinking Water#q4|product]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|June 2026]], [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|Sample 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|semiconductor]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|solution]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|temperature]] – Aug 2026
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</div>
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<div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div>
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<div class="vocab-list">
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* sodium chloride – implied by "the reaction of sodium and chlorine"
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</div>
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{{PerformanceLevel}}
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{{PLTable
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| Level5 = Construct, revise, and evaluate explanations for the outcome of simple chemical reactions based on the predictable behavior of reactants, the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
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| Level4 = Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
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| Level3 = Construct or revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and/or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
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| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q1|Sample · Gas Stoves Q1]]</span>
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| Level2 = Predict the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and/or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
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| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:Pool Water Chemistry#q1|Aug 2026 · Q22]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:All About Aluminum#q2|June 2026 · Q43]]</span>
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| Level1 = Given possible reaction outcomes, identify the outcome of a simple chemical reaction using the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
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| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:Safe Transport of Drinking Water#q4|Aug 2026 · Q47]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:Semiconductors#q3|Aug 2026 · Q16]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q3|June 2026 · Q3]]</span>
 
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* Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.  
 
* Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.  
 
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== {{Connectionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Connectionsheading}} ==

Latest revision as of 09:44, 18 October 2026

← HS-PS2-6
HS-PS1-4 →

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.

Clarification statement: Examples of chemical reactions could include the reaction of sodium and chlorine, of carbon and oxygen, or of carbon and hydrogen.

Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to chemical reactions involving main group elements and combustion reactions.

Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS1-2 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Chemistry Regents Semiconductors Question 16
Pool Water Chemistry Question 22
Safe Transport of Drinking Water Question 47
June 2026 Chemistry Regents How Glow Became Gloom Question 3
All About Aluminum Question 43
Chemistry sample clusters (Spring 2025) Evaluating Gas Stoves Question 1

Vocabulary

Terms from the Chemistry Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • atom
  • chemical property
  • chemical reaction
  • combustion reaction
  • electron state
  • element
  • evidence
  • investigation
  • main-group element
  • matter
  • nucleus
  • outermost electron state
  • periodic table
  • phenomenon
  • properties
  • proton
  • reactant
  • reaction
  • system
  • trend
  • trends in the periodic table
From released exam questions
Implied by this standard
  • sodium chloride – implied by "the reaction of sodium and chlorine"

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-PS1-2 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Given possible reaction outcomes, identify the outcome of a simple chemical reaction using the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. Aug 2026 · Q47 Aug 2026 · Q16 June 2026 · Q3
Level 2: Predict the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and/or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. Aug 2026 · Q22 June 2026 · Q43
Level 3: Construct or revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and/or knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties. Sample · Gas Stoves Q1
Level 4: Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
Level 5: Construct, revise, and evaluate explanations for the outcome of simple chemical reactions based on the predictable behavior of reactants, the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
Notice: PLD levels!

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS1-2.

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NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-PS1-2 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Constructing Explanations and Computational Thinking
    • Construct and revise an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students’ own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
    • The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom's nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. The repeating patterns of this table reflect patterns of outer electron states.
  • PS1.B: Chemical Reactions
    • The fact that atoms are conserved, together with knowledge of the chemical properties of the elements involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Patterns
    • Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.


Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman
Chemistry | HS. Chemical Reactions
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