Difference between revisions of "HS-LS2-1"

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{{Navlinks|HS-LS1-7|HS-LS2-2|← HS-LS1-7|HS-LS2-2 →}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
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| topic = Carrying Capacity and Ecosystems
 
| ls = Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic
 
| ls = Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic
 
factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
 
factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
 
| cs = Emphasis is on quantitative analysis and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate and competition. Examples of mathematical comparisons could include graphs, charts, histograms, and population changes gathered from simulations or historical data sets.
 
| cs = Emphasis is on quantitative analysis and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate and competition. Examples of mathematical comparisons could include graphs, charts, histograms, and population changes gathered from simulations or historical data sets.
 
| ab = Assessment does not include deriving mathematical equations to make comparisons.
 
| ab = Assessment does not include deriving mathematical equations to make comparisons.
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}}
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== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
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{{assessmentmessage}}
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Invasive Mussels|Invasive Mussels]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|Question 36]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity|Parrots and Biodiversity]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q3|Question 42]]
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|-
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?|Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|Question 7]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind|Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|Question 24]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Mercury Rising|Mercury Rising]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|Question 48]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|January 2026 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats|Honeybee Behavior and Threats]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|Question 32]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2025 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?|How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?#q4|Question 32]]
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|-
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| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2025 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau|Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|Question 19]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline|Salt Marsh Shoreline]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q2|Question 23]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs|Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|Question 38]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs|Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q4|Question 41]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Biology Sample Questions|Biology sample clusters]] (Spring 2024)
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster|Coral Reefs]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|Question 4]]
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|}
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== Vocabulary ==
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Terms from the [[Biology Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
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<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
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* abiotic factors
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* abundance
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* biotic factors
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* carrying capacity
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* climate
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* competition
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* design solution
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* disease
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* ecosystem
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* ecosystem scale
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* interdependence
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* limiting factor
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* population
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* population change
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* predation
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* proportion
 +
* resources
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* species
 +
</div>
 +
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
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<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|acidity]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|algae]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|altitude]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|aquatic]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q3|Australia]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|average]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q3|behavior]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|biodiversity]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|biomass]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|burrow]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|carbon]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|June 2025]], [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|Sample 2024]]
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* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|Carboniferous period]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|cellular respiration]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|claim]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|Jan 2026]]
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* [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|colonize]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|colony]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|complex interactions]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|consumer]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|coral reef]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q3|deforestation]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|dormancy]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?#q4|drought]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q2|erosion]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q4|fluctuation]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|food web]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|global warming]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|habitat]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?#q4|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q2|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|hunting]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|keystone species]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|leaf]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|nitrogen]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|ocean]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|oxygen]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|pest]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|photosynthesis]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|pollinator]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|population density]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|population size]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|predator]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|prey]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|producer]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|remediation]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|selective breeding]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|soil]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|survival]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|tissue]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|trait]] – Sample 2024
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* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q2|transect]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?#q4|trend]] – Aug 2025
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</div>
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{{PerformanceLevel}}
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{{PLTable
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| Level5 = Develop and/or apply mathematical and/or computational representations of data to compare and revise explanations of how biotic and abiotic factors including scale, proportions, and quantities affect the carrying capacity of ecosystems.
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| Level4 = Use mathematical, analyze, and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
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| Example4 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Mercury Rising#q3|June 2026 · Q48]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q5|Jan 2026 · Q32]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q4|June 2025 · Q4]]</span>
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| Level3 = Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to support an explanation of a biotic or an abiotic factor that affects the carrying capacity of an ecosystem at different spatial or temporal scales.
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| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q2|June 2026 · Q24]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q2|June 2026 · Q7]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q2|June 2025 · Q23]]</span>
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| Level2 = Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to describe how a biotic and/or abiotic factor affects the carrying capacity of a population.
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| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q2|Aug 2026 · Q36]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q3|Aug 2026 · Q42]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert?#q4|Aug 2025 · Q32]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q3|June 2025 · Q19]]</span>
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| Level1 = Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to identify, from those provided, a factor that affects the carrying capacity of a population.
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| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q1|June 2025 · Q38]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q4|June 2025 · Q41]]</span>
 
}}
 
}}
  
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{{Dimensionstable
 
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| SEP1 =  
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| SEP1 = Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
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| DCI1 =  
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* Use mathematical and/or computational representations of phenomena or design solutions to support explanations.
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| CC1 =  
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| DCI1 = LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
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* Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of organisms and populations they can support. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that enviroments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem.
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* (NYSED) Carrying capacity results from the availability of biotic and abiotic factors and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease.
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| CC1 = Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
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* The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.
 
}}
 
}}
 
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Latest revision as of 09:46, 18 October 2026

← HS-LS1-7
HS-LS2-2 →

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on quantitative analysis and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate and competition. Examples of mathematical comparisons could include graphs, charts, histograms, and population changes gathered from simulations or historical data sets.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include deriving mathematical equations to make comparisons.

Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-LS2-1 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents Invasive Mussels Question 36
Parrots and Biodiversity Question 42
June 2026 Biology Regents Nitrogen: Friend or Foe? Question 7
Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind Question 24
Mercury Rising Question 48
January 2026 Biology Regents Honeybee Behavior and Threats Question 32
August 2025 Biology Regents How Do Kangaroo Rats Survive in the Desert? Question 32
June 2025 Biology Regents Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau Question 19
Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 23
Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs Question 38
Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs Question 41
Biology sample clusters (Spring 2024) Coral Reefs Question 4

Vocabulary

Terms from the Biology Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • abiotic factors
  • abundance
  • biotic factors
  • carrying capacity
  • climate
  • competition
  • design solution
  • disease
  • ecosystem
  • ecosystem scale
  • interdependence
  • limiting factor
  • population
  • population change
  • predation
  • proportion
  • resources
  • species
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-LS2-1 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to identify, from those provided, a factor that affects the carrying capacity of a population. June 2025 · Q38 June 2025 · Q41
Level 2: Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to describe how a biotic and/or abiotic factor affects the carrying capacity of a population. Aug 2026 · Q36 Aug 2026 · Q42 Aug 2025 · Q32 June 2025 · Q19
Level 3: Use a mathematical and/or computational representation to support an explanation of a biotic or an abiotic factor that affects the carrying capacity of an ecosystem at different spatial or temporal scales. June 2026 · Q24 June 2026 · Q7 June 2025 · Q23
Level 4: Use mathematical, analyze, and/or computational representations to support explanations of biotic and abiotic factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales. June 2026 · Q48 Jan 2026 · Q32 June 2025 · Q4
Level 5: Develop and/or apply mathematical and/or computational representations of data to compare and revise explanations of how biotic and abiotic factors including scale, proportions, and quantities affect the carrying capacity of ecosystems.
Notice: PLD levels!

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-LS2-1.

Pixel beaver This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.


NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-LS2-1 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
    • Use mathematical and/or computational representations of phenomena or design solutions to support explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
    • Ecosystems have carrying capacities, which are limits to the numbers of organisms and populations they can support. Organisms would have the capacity to produce populations of great size were it not for the fact that enviroments and resources are finite. This fundamental tension affects the abundance (number of individuals) of species in any given ecosystem.
    • (NYSED) Carrying capacity results from the availability of biotic and abiotic factors and from challenges such as predation, competition, and disease.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
    • The significance of a phenomenon is dependent on the scale, proportion, and quantity at which it occurs.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Biology | HS. Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
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