Difference between revisions of "HS-LS2-6"

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{{Navlinks|HS-LS2-2|HS-LS2-7|← HS-LS2-2|HS-LS2-7 →}}
 
{{Navlinks|HS-LS2-2|HS-LS2-7|← HS-LS2-2|HS-LS2-7 →}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
{{learningstandard
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| topic = Ecosystem Stability and Change
 
| ls = Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may
 
| ls = Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may
 
result in a new ecosystem.
 
result in a new ecosystem.
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| ab =  
 
| ab =  
 
}}
 
}}
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== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 +
{{assessmentmessage}}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas|Deep-Sea Dilemmas]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|Question 7]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Invasive Mussels|Invasive Mussels]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q3|Question 37]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity|Parrots and Biodiversity]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|Question 40]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?|Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|Question 8]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs|Green and Black Frogs]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|Question 13]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Forest Gardener|The Forest Gardener]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|Question 36]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|January 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule|Keystone Species Rule]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|Question 10]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2025 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants|Ivory and Elephants]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|Question 18]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2025 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline|Salt Marsh Shoreline]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|Question 22]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline|Salt Marsh Shoreline]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q3|Question 24]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline|Salt Marsh Shoreline]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q5|Question 26]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs|Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q2|Question 39]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Biology Sample Questions|Biology sample clusters]] (Spring 2024)
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster|Coral Reefs]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Question 1]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster|Dinosaurs-Evolution]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|Question 3]]
 +
|}
 +
 +
== Vocabulary ==
 +
Terms from the [[Biology Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* argument
 +
* claim
 +
* complex interactions
 +
* disturbance
 +
* ecological change
 +
* ecological succession
 +
* ecosystem
 +
* ecosystem resilience
 +
* flood
 +
* fluctuation
 +
* habitat
 +
* hunting
 +
* population
 +
* resources
 +
* sea level rise
 +
* species abundance
 +
* stability and change
 +
* volcanic eruption
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|abundance]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|algae]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|aquatic]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Australia]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|behavior]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|Aug 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|biodiversity]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|June 2025]], [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q2|burrow]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|carnivore]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|cell]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q3|climate change]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|Colorado]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|competition]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|June 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|consumer]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|coral bleaching]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|coral reef]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|correlation (versus cause)]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|dissolved oxygen]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|ecosystem stability]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|Jan 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|energy transfer]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|erosion]] – June 2025, [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|evolution]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q3|extrapolation]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|fertilizer]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|food chain]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|food web]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|June 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|global warming]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Great Barrier Reef]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|harmful algal bloom]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|herbivore]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|hydrothermal vent]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|K-T extinction]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|keystone species]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|leaf]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|leaf fossil phases]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|microbe]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q5|migration]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|mineral]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|Aug 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q3|native species]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|New Mexico]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|nitrogen]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|ocean]] – June 2025, [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|oxygen]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Pickles Coral Reef, Florida]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|population size]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|predator]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|prey]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|radiation (radioactive)]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|rainforest]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|runoff]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|salinity]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|salt marsh]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|sediment]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|seed dispersal]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|soil]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q2|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|species]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|June 2026]], [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|Jan 2026]], [[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q2|June 2025]], [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|sugar]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|survival]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|June 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|top-down and bottom-up control]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|trait]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|trend]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|trophic cascade]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|trophic level]] – Jan 2026
 +
</div>
  
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
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| Level5 = Use claims, evidence, and reasoning, to argue the merits of explanations regarding complex interactions in ecosystems and their ability to maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 
| Level5 = Use claims, evidence, and reasoning, to argue the merits of explanations regarding complex interactions in ecosystems and their ability to maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 
| Level4 = Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 
| Level4 = Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 +
| Example4 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Invasive Mussels#q3|Aug 2026 · Q37]]</span>
 
| Level3 = Evaluate a claim using evidence that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 
| Level3 = Evaluate a claim using evidence that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
 +
| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Nitrogen: Friend or Foe?#q3|June 2026 · Q8]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:The Forest Gardener#q4|June 2026 · Q36]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs#q2|June 2025 · Q39]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q3|June 2025 · Q24]]</span>
 
| Level2 = Identify an evidence-based claim that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem <b><u>or</u></b> given evidence, from those provided, identify the claim that describes the complex interactions.
 
| Level2 = Identify an evidence-based claim that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem <b><u>or</u></b> given evidence, from those provided, identify the claim that describes the complex interactions.
 +
| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Deep-Sea Dilemmas#q3|Aug 2026 · Q7]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Parrots and Biodiversity#q1|Aug 2026 · Q40]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q4|June 2026 · Q13]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Ivory and Elephants#q4|Aug 2025 · Q18]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|June 2025 · Q1]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q1|June 2025 · Q22]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Salt Marsh Shoreline#q5|June 2025 · Q26]]</span>
 
| Level1 = Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the claim that complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and/or types of organisms in stable conditions.
 
| Level1 = Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the claim that complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and/or types of organisms in stable conditions.
 +
| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q1|Jan 2026 · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|June 2025 · Q3]]</span>
 
}}
 
}}
−
 
  
 
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
 
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
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{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
 
{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
−
 
−
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
−
{{assessmentmessage}}
 
−
 
−
* [[Questions:Coral Reefs Sample Cluster#q1|Coral Reefs Q1]]
 
−
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q3|Dinosaurs Evolution Q3]]
 
−
 
  
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
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{{Dimensionstable
 
{{Dimensionstable
−
| SEP1 = Engaging in argument from evidence: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.
+
| SEP1 = Engaging in Argument from Evidence:
−
| SEP2 = Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence: Scientific argumentation is a mode of logical discourse used to clarify the strength of relationships between ideas and evidence that may result in revision of an explanation.  
+
Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.
−
| DCI1 = Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience: A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.
+
| SEP2 = Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence
−
| CC1 = Stability and change: Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
+
* Scientific argumentation is a mode of logical discourse used to clarify the strength of relationships between ideas and evidence that may result in revision of an explanation.
 +
| DCI1 = LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience
 +
* A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.  
 +
| CC1 = Stability and Change
 +
* Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
 
}}
 
}}
 
<!--
 
<!--
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| TOPIC = HS. Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
 
| TOPIC = HS. Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
 
}}
 
}}
−
<metadesc>NYS Standard HS-LS2-6: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.</metadesc>
 

Latest revision as of 09:46, 18 October 2026

← HS-LS2-2
HS-LS2-7 →

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Clarification statement: Examples of changes in ecosystem conditions could include ecological succession, modest biological or physical changes, such as moderate hunting or seasonal floods; and extreme changes, such as volcanic eruption or sea level rise.

Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-LS2-6 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents Deep-Sea Dilemmas Question 7
Invasive Mussels Question 37
Parrots and Biodiversity Question 40
June 2026 Biology Regents Nitrogen: Friend or Foe? Question 8
Green and Black Frogs Question 13
The Forest Gardener Question 36
January 2026 Biology Regents Keystone Species Rule Question 10
August 2025 Biology Regents Ivory and Elephants Question 18
June 2025 Biology Regents Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 22
Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 24
Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 26
Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs Question 39
Biology sample clusters (Spring 2024) Coral Reefs Question 1
Dinosaurs-Evolution Question 3

Vocabulary

Terms from the Biology Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • argument
  • claim
  • complex interactions
  • disturbance
  • ecological change
  • ecological succession
  • ecosystem
  • ecosystem resilience
  • flood
  • fluctuation
  • habitat
  • hunting
  • population
  • resources
  • sea level rise
  • species abundance
  • stability and change
  • volcanic eruption
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-LS2-6 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the claim that complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and/or types of organisms in stable conditions. Jan 2026 · Q10 June 2025 · Q3
Level 2: Identify an evidence-based claim that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem or given evidence, from those provided, identify the claim that describes the complex interactions. Aug 2026 · Q7 Aug 2026 · Q40 June 2026 · Q13 Aug 2025 · Q18 June 2025 · Q1 June 2025 · Q22 June 2025 · Q26
Level 3: Evaluate a claim using evidence that the complex interactions in an ecosystem maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions or that changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem. June 2026 · Q8 June 2026 · Q36 June 2025 · Q39 June 2025 · Q24
Level 4: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem. Aug 2026 · Q37
Level 5: Use claims, evidence, and reasoning, to argue the merits of explanations regarding complex interactions in ecosystems and their ability to maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.
Notice: PLD levels!

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-LS2-6.

Pixel beaver This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.


NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-LS2-6 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Engaging in Argument from Evidence: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.
  • Scientific Knowledge is Open to Revision in Light of New Evidence
    • Scientific argumentation is a mode of logical discourse used to clarify the strength of relationships between ideas and evidence that may result in revision of an explanation.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • LS2.C: Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience
    • A complex set of interactions within an ecosystem can keep its numbers and types of organisms relatively constant over long periods of time under stable conditions. If a modest biological or physical disturbance to an ecosystem occurs, it may return to its more or less original status (i.e., the ecosystem is resilient), as opposed to becoming a very different ecosystem. Extreme fluctuations in conditions or the size of any population, however, can challenge the functioning of ecosystems in terms of resources and habitat availability.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Stability and Change
    • Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Biology | HS. Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
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