Difference between revisions of "HS-PS2-3"
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force on a macroscopic object during a collision and explain how this device reduces the force, <b><u>or</b></u> given the design of a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object, apply scientific and engineering ideas to describe how this device can be refined to reduce this force, <b><u>or</b></u> given data for a mechanism designed to minimize the force on a macroscopic object, evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanism based upon given constraints. | force on a macroscopic object during a collision and explain how this device reduces the force, <b><u>or</b></u> given the design of a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object, apply scientific and engineering ideas to describe how this device can be refined to reduce this force, <b><u>or</b></u> given data for a mechanism designed to minimize the force on a macroscopic object, evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanism based upon given constraints. | ||
| Level2 = Use an algebraic representation to describe how a given device affects the force, time, change in momentum, and/or change in velocity of a macroscopic object during an interaction. | | Level2 = Use an algebraic representation to describe how a given device affects the force, time, change in momentum, and/or change in velocity of a macroscopic object during an interaction. | ||
| + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Motorcycle Helmets#q3|June 2026 · Q17]]</span> | ||
| Level1 = Identify a device from those provided that reduces the force on a macroscopic object during an interaction, <b><u>or</b></u> identify an explanation from those provided for how a given device reduces the force on a macroscopic object. | | Level1 = Identify a device from those provided that reduces the force on a macroscopic object during an interaction, <b><u>or</b></u> identify an explanation from those provided for how a given device reduces the force on a macroscopic object. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Motorcycle Helmets#q6|June 2026 · Q20]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Sampler World Record Jumps#q5|Sample · World Record Jumps Q5]]</span> | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:47, 18 October 2026
Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.
Clarification statement: Examples of evaluation and refinement could include determining the success of the device at protecting an object from damage and modifying the design to improve it. Examples of a device could include a football helmet or a parachute.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to qualitative evaluations and/or algebraic manipulations.
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS2-3 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 Physics Regents | Motorcycle Helmets | Question 17 |
| Motorcycle Helmets | Question 20 | |
| Physics sample clusters (Spring 2025) | World Record Jumps | Question 5 |
Vocabulary
Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- algebraic representation
- cause and effect
- change in momentum
- change in velocity
- collision
- constraints
- criteria
- design problem
- design solution
- device
- engineering
- football helmet
- force
- force of impact
- interaction
- macroscopic object
- mechanism
- momentum
- object
- parachute
- qualitative
- solution
- system
- total momentum
- trade-offs
- unanticipated effects
From released exam questions
- acceleration – June 2026
- average force – June 2026
- comes to rest – June 2026
- impact – June 2026, Sample 2025
- magnitude – June 2026, Sample 2025
- mass – June 2026
- mathematical representation – June 2026
- maximum acceleration – June 2026
- speed at impact – June 2026
- support (a claim) – June 2026
- test dummy – June 2026
- time interval – June 2026
- trial – June 2026
- trials – June 2026
Implied by this standard
- impulse – implied by "affects the force, time, change in momentum, and/or change in velocity"
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS2-3 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Identify a device from those provided that reduces the force on a macroscopic object during an interaction, or identify an explanation from those provided for how a given device reduces the force on a macroscopic object. June 2026 · Q20 Sample · World Record Jumps Q5
Level 2: Use an algebraic representation to describe how a given device affects the force, time, change in momentum, and/or change in velocity of a macroscopic object during an interaction. June 2026 · Q17
Level 3: Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design a device that reduces the
force on a macroscopic object during a collision and explain how this device reduces the force, or given the design of a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object, apply scientific and engineering ideas to describe how this device can be refined to reduce this force, or given data for a mechanism designed to minimize the force on a macroscopic object, evaluate the effectiveness of the mechanism based upon given constraints.
Level 4: Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.
Level 5: Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design and build a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision and analyze the forces acting on the object during the collision, and use this analysis to refine the divide to further minimize the force of impact during the collision.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS2-3.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS2-3 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
- Apply scientific ideas to solve a design problem, taking into account possible unanticipated effects.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS2.A: Forces and Motion
- If a system interacts with objects outside itself, the total momentum of the system can change; however, any such change is balanced by changes in the momentum of objects outside the system.
- ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution
- Criteria may need to be broken down into simpler ones that can be approached systematically, and decisions about the priority of certain criteria over others (trade-offs) may be needed.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Cause and Effect
- Systems can designed to cause a desired effect.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman