Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-6"

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{{Navlinks|HS-ESS2-5|HS-ESS2-7|← HS-ESS2-5 {{Disc|ESS}}|HS-ESS2-7 {{Disc|ESS}} →|HS-LS4-5|HS-ESS2-7|← HS-LS4-5 {{Disc|Bio}}|HS-ESS2-7 {{Disc|Bio}} →}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
{{learningstandard
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| topic = Carbon Cycling
 
| ls = Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere,
 
| ls = Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere,
 
geosphere, and biosphere.
 
geosphere, and biosphere.
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}}
 
}}
 
''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "the biochemistry aspects of carbon cycling". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "physical and chemical aspects of the geochemical cycling of carbon" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).''
 
''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "the biochemistry aspects of carbon cycling". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "physical and chemical aspects of the geochemical cycling of carbon" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).''
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== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
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{{assessmentmessage}}
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<span class="disc-label disc-label-bio">Biology</span>
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem|The Permafrost Problem]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q2|Question 46]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind|Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q4|Question 26]]
 +
|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|January 2026 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule|Keystone Species Rule]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q2|Question 11]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Purple Insect Eater|Purple Insect Eater]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Purple Insect Eater#q2|Question 38]]
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|-
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2025 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems|Trees Have Organ Systems]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems#q4|Question 4]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth|Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q3|Question 22]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth|Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q4|Question 23]]
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|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2025 Biology Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?|Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|Question 5]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Does It Matter?|Does It Matter?]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Does It Matter?#q5|Question 37]]
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|}
 +
 +
<span class="disc-label disc-label-ess">Earth & Space Science</span>
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Emissions in Industry|Carbon Emissions in Industry]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Carbon Emissions in Industry#q2|Question 24]]
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|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle|The Slow Carbon Cycle]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|Question 9]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Lake Nyos|Lake Nyos]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q3|Question 34]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period|The Carboniferous Period]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q5|Question 50]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle|The Carbon Cycle]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|Question 12]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters]] (Fall 2024)
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon|Theia and the Moon]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|Question 6]]
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|}
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== Vocabulary ==
 +
Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Biology terms are from the [[Biology Glossary]]; Earth & Space Science terms are from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]].
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<span class="disc-label disc-label-bio">Biology</span>
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
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<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
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* atmosphere
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* biogeochemical cycles
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* biosphere
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* carbon
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* carbon cycle
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* carbon dioxide concentration
 +
* climate
 +
* closed system
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* cycling of carbon
 +
* geosphere
 +
* human activity
 +
* hydrosphere
 +
* matter
 +
* ocean
 +
* oxygen
 +
* quantitative model
 +
* soil
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</div>
 +
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
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* [[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems#q4|carbon sequestration]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q4|carbon sink]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems#q4|carbon storage]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q4|combustion]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Does It Matter?#q5|cycling of matter]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Purple Insect Eater#q2|Earth’s spheres]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q2|ecosystem]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q2|Jan 2026]]
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* [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|hydrogen]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q2|keystone species]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q4|land use]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q3|migration]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|ocean acidification]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q2|permafrost]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|pH]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q2|photosynthesis]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q3|Aug 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q3|population]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|resources]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q4|respiration]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems#q4|species]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q4|waste]] – Aug 2025
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</div>
 +
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<span class="disc-label disc-label-ess">Earth & Space Science</span>
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* atmosphere
 +
* biogeochemical cycles
 +
* biosphere
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* carbon
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* carbon cycle
 +
* carbon dioxide
 +
* carbon dioxide concentrations
 +
* cycling of carbon
 +
* Earth
 +
* geosphere
 +
* human activity
 +
* hydrosphere
 +
* living organisms
 +
* model
 +
* ocean
 +
* oxygen
 +
* quantitative model
 +
* soil
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|air-sea gas exchange]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q5|biomass]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q5|coal]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|decomposition]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|dissolution]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|emissions]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|erosion]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|fast carbon cycle]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Carbon Emissions in Industry#q2|fossil fuels]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|geologic processes]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|iron]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q3|magma]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q3|mantle]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q3|minerals]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|ocean floor]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|respiration]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q5|river valley]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Carbon Emissions in Industry#q2|sediment]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|sedimentary rock]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|sedimentation]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|slow carbon cycle]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|soil carbon]] – June 2025
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|subduction]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|volcanic activity]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|volcanism]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|weathering]] – June 2026
 +
</div>
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{{PerformanceLevel}}
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{{PLTable
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| Level5 = Develop and analyze data from a quantitative model of the carbon cycle to predict how a change in carbon levels in one system will affect other Earth systems.
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| Level4 = Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
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| Level3 = Use/complete a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere).
 +
| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q2|Aug 2026 Bio · Q46]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q4|June 2026 Bio · Q26]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q3|Aug 2025 Bio · Q22]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Trees Have Organ Systems#q4|Aug 2025 Bio · Q4]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go?#q5|June 2025 Bio · Q5]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Does It Matter?#q5|June 2025 Bio · Q37]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q1|June 2026 ESS · Q9]]</span>
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| Level2 = Use a quantitative/qualitative model to identify the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere).
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| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Keystone Species Rule#q2|Jan 2026 Bio · Q11]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Purple Insect Eater#q2|Jan 2026 Bio · Q38]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth#q4|Aug 2025 Bio · Q23]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Lake Nyos#q3|June 2026 ESS · Q34]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q5|Jan 2026 ESS · Q50]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|June 2025 ESS · Q6]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Carbon Cycle#q2|June 2025 ESS · Q12]]</span>
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| Level1 = Use a quantitative/qualitative model that shows the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres to identify the relative concentrations of carbon present in each sphere.
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| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Carbon Emissions in Industry#q2|Aug 2026 ESS · Q24]]</span>
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}}
  
 
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
 
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| SEP1 =  
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| SEP1 = Developing and Using Models
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| DCI1 =  
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* Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
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| CC1 =  
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| DCI1 = ESS2.D: Weather and Climate
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* Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.
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* Changes in the atmosphere due to human activity have increased carbon dioxide concentrations and thus affect climate.
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| CC1 = Energy and Matter
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* The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.
 
}}
 
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{{Pagecontributors}}
 
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{{Bottomnav
 
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| SUBJECT = [[Earth and Space Science|{{#fas:earth-americas}} Earth and Space Science]] and [[Biology]]
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| SUBJECT = [[Earth and Space Science|{{#fas:earth-americas}} Earth and Space Science]] and [[Biology|{{#fas:dna}} Biology]]
 
| TOPIC = HS. Earth's Systems
 
| TOPIC = HS. Earth's Systems
 
}}
 
}}

Latest revision as of 11:22, 18 October 2026

← HS-ESS2-5 ESS
HS-ESS2-7 ESS →
← HS-LS4-5 Bio
HS-ESS2-7 Bio →

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on modeling biogeochemical cycles that include the cycling of carbon through the ocean, atmosphere, soil, and biosphere (including humans), providing the foundation for living organisms.

Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "the biochemistry aspects of carbon cycling". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "physical and chemical aspects of the geochemical cycling of carbon" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).

Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-6 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Biology

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents The Permafrost Problem Question 46
June 2026 Biology Regents Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind Question 26
January 2026 Biology Regents Keystone Species Rule Question 11
Purple Insect Eater Question 38
August 2025 Biology Regents Trees Have Organ Systems Question 4
Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth Question 22
Carbon Cycle Supports Life on Earth Question 23
June 2025 Biology Regents Carbon! Where Does It Come From? Where Does It Go? Question 5
Does It Matter? Question 37

Earth & Space Science

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Carbon Emissions in Industry Question 24
June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Slow Carbon Cycle Question 9
Lake Nyos Question 34
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Carboniferous Period Question 50
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Carbon Cycle Question 12
Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters (Fall 2024) Theia and the Moon Question 6

Vocabulary

Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Biology terms are from the Biology Glossary; Earth & Space Science terms are from the Earth & Space Science Glossary.

Biology

From this standard
  • atmosphere
  • biogeochemical cycles
  • biosphere
  • carbon
  • carbon cycle
  • carbon dioxide concentration
  • climate
  • closed system
  • cycling of carbon
  • geosphere
  • human activity
  • hydrosphere
  • matter
  • ocean
  • oxygen
  • quantitative model
  • soil
From released exam questions

Earth & Space Science

From this standard
  • atmosphere
  • biogeochemical cycles
  • biosphere
  • carbon
  • carbon cycle
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide concentrations
  • cycling of carbon
  • Earth
  • geosphere
  • human activity
  • hydrosphere
  • living organisms
  • model
  • ocean
  • oxygen
  • quantitative model
  • soil
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-6 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Use a quantitative/qualitative model that shows the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres to identify the relative concentrations of carbon present in each sphere. Aug 2026 ESS · Q24
Level 2: Use a quantitative/qualitative model to identify the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere). Jan 2026 Bio · Q11 Jan 2026 Bio · Q38 Aug 2025 Bio · Q23 June 2026 ESS · Q34 Jan 2026 ESS · Q50 June 2025 ESS · Q6 June 2025 ESS · Q12
Level 3: Use/complete a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon between two Earth spheres (hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere). Aug 2026 Bio · Q46 June 2026 Bio · Q26 Aug 2025 Bio · Q22 Aug 2025 Bio · Q4 June 2025 Bio · Q5 June 2025 Bio · Q37 June 2026 ESS · Q9
Level 4: Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
Level 5: Develop and analyze data from a quantitative model of the carbon cycle to predict how a change in carbon levels in one system will affect other Earth systems.
Notice: PLD levels!

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-ESS2-6.

Pixel beaver This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.


NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS2-6 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Developing and Using Models
    • Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ESS2.D: Weather and Climate
    • Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.
    • Changes in the atmosphere due to human activity have increased carbon dioxide concentrations and thus affect climate.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Energy and Matter
    • The total amount of energy and matter in closed systems is conserved.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science and Biology | HS. Earth's Systems
Retrieved from "https://nyssls.info/index.php?title=HS-ESS2-6&oldid=7280"

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