Difference between revisions of "HS-LS3-2"
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| + | {{DISPLAYTITLE:HS-LS3-2 {{!}} Sources of Genetic Variation}} | ||
| + | {{Navlinks|HS-LS3-1|HS-LS3-3|← HS-LS3-1|HS-LS3-3 →}} | ||
{{learningstandard | {{learningstandard | ||
| ls = Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused | | ls = Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused | ||
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| cs = Emphasis is on using data to support arguments for the way variation occurs including the relevant processes in meiosis and advances in biotechnology. | | cs = Emphasis is on using data to support arguments for the way variation occurs including the relevant processes in meiosis and advances in biotechnology. | ||
| ab = Assessment does not include recalling the specific details of the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanisms of the specific phases in the process. | | ab = Assessment does not include recalling the specific details of the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanisms of the specific phases in the process. | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == {{Assessmentheading}} == | ||
| + | {{assessmentmessage}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center" | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Human Variations in Eye Color|Human Variations in Eye Color]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Human Variations in Eye Color#q1|Question 9]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Humongous Fungus|Humongous Fungus]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Humongous Fungus#q3|Question 15]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Frog Development|Frog Development]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Frog Development#q2|Question 27]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tailless Humans|Tailless Humans]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tailless Humans#q4|Question 22]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Caffeine’s Effect on the Body|Caffeine’s Effect on the Body]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Caffeine’s Effect on the Body#q3|Question 40]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|January 2026]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Two Kinds of Twins|Two Kinds of Twins]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Two Kinds of Twins#q3|Question 3]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Solving the Problem of Cat Allergies|Solving the Problem of Cat Allergies]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Solving the Problem of Cat Allergies#q4|Question 17]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2025]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein|Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein#q4|Question 27]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2025]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau|Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Organisms of the Tibetan Plateau#q2|Question 18]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nature or Nurture?|Nature or Nurture?]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Nature or Nurture?#q4|Question 46]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Biology Sample Questions|Sample clusters]] (Spring 2024) | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Prostaglandins Sample Cluster|Prostaglandins]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Prostaglandins Sample Cluster#q3|Question 3]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{PerformanceLevel}} | ||
| + | {{PLTable | ||
| + | | Level5 = Make and defend a claim based on evidence regarding the causes of inheritable genetic variations, which may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering, and the variation's effect. | ||
| + | | Level4 = Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering. | ||
| + | | Level3 = Make or defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis and/or (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering. | ||
| + | | Level2 = Identify a claim based on evidence for a cause of inheritable genetic variation. | ||
| + | | Level1 = Identify a claim, from those provided, based on evidence that inheritable genetic variation occurs. | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== {{Dimensionsheading}} == | == {{Dimensionsheading}} == | ||
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| DCI1 = LS3.B: Variation of Traits | | DCI1 = LS3.B: Variation of Traits | ||
* In sexual reproduction, chromosomes can sometimes swap sections during the process of meiosis (cell division), thereby creating new genetic combinations and thus more genetic variation. Although DNA replication is tightly regulated and remarkably accurate, errors do occur and result in mutations, which are also a source of genetic variation. | * In sexual reproduction, chromosomes can sometimes swap sections during the process of meiosis (cell division), thereby creating new genetic combinations and thus more genetic variation. Although DNA replication is tightly regulated and remarkably accurate, errors do occur and result in mutations, which are also a source of genetic variation. | ||
| + | * (NYSED) Environmental factors can cause mutations in genes. Only mutations in sex cells can be inherited. | ||
| + | * (NYSED) Advances in biotechnology have allowed organisms to be modified genetically. | ||
| + | * Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors. | ||
| CC1 = Cause and Effect | | CC1 = Cause and Effect | ||
* Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation to make claims about specific causes and effects. | * Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation to make claims about specific causes and effects. | ||
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| TOPIC = HS. Inheritance and Variation of Traits | | TOPIC = HS. Inheritance and Variation of Traits | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | <metadesc>NYS Standard HS-LS3-2: Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering.</metadesc> | ||
Latest revision as of 22:35, 20 September 2026
Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on using data to support arguments for the way variation occurs including the relevant processes in meiosis and advances in biotechnology.
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include recalling the specific details of the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanisms of the specific phases in the process.
Assessment
What assessment of HS-LS3-2 might look like on a NY state exam.
Performance Level Descriptions
PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.
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Level 1: Identify a claim, from those provided, based on evidence that inheritable genetic variation occurs.
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Level 2: Identify a claim based on evidence for a cause of inheritable genetic variation.
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Level 3: Make or defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis and/or (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering.
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Level 4: Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering.
☐
Level 5: Make and defend a claim based on evidence regarding the causes of inheritable genetic variations, which may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, (3) mutations caused by environmental factors and/or (4) genetic engineering, and the variation's effect.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-LS3-2.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-LS3-2 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Engaging in Argument from Evidence
- Make and defend a claim based on evidence about the natural world that reflects scientific knowledge, and student-generated evidence.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- LS3.B: Variation of Traits
- In sexual reproduction, chromosomes can sometimes swap sections during the process of meiosis (cell division), thereby creating new genetic combinations and thus more genetic variation. Although DNA replication is tightly regulated and remarkably accurate, errors do occur and result in mutations, which are also a source of genetic variation.
- (NYSED) Environmental factors can cause mutations in genes. Only mutations in sex cells can be inherited.
- (NYSED) Advances in biotechnology have allowed organisms to be modified genetically.
- Environmental factors also affect expression of traits, and hence affect the probability of occurrences of traits in a population. Thus the variation and distribution of traits observed depends on both genetic and environmental factors.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Cause and Effect
- Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation to make claims about specific causes and effects.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard