Difference between revisions of "HS-PS4-4"
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| + | {{Navlinks|HS-PS4-3|HS-PS4-5|← HS-PS4-3 {{Disc|Physics}}|HS-PS4-5 {{Disc|Physics}} →|HS-PS3-5|HS-LS1-5|← HS-PS3-5 {{Disc|Chem}}|HS-LS1-5 {{Disc|Chem}} →}} | ||
{{learningstandard | {{learningstandard | ||
| + | | topic = Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter | ||
| ls = Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different | | ls = Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different | ||
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter. | frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS chemistry and HS physics. The focus will vary based on which class this standard is being taught in.'' | ''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS chemistry and HS physics. The focus will vary based on which class this standard is being taught in.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | == {{Assessmentheading}} == | ||
| + | {{assessmentmessage}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | <span class="disc-label disc-label-chem">Chemistry</span> | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center" | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Chemistry Exam|August 2026 Chemistry Regents]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse|The Great American Solar Eclipse]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|Question 10]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse|The Great American Solar Eclipse]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q2|Question 11]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation|The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q1|Question 26]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation|The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q2|Question 27]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Chemistry Exam|June 2026 Chemistry Regents]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom|How Glow Became Gloom]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|Question 4]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands|Urban Heat Islands]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|Question 21]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Chemistry sample question clusters|Chemistry sample clusters]] (Spring 2025) | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves|Evaluating Gas Stoves]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|Question 3]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves|Evaluating Gas Stoves]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|Question 4]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | <span class="disc-label disc-label-phys">Physics</span> | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center" | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Physics Exam|June 2026 Physics Regents]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Cell Phone|The Cell Phone]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|Question 29]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Chemistry terms are from the [[Chemistry Glossary]]; Physics terms are from the [[Physics Glossary]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <span class="disc-label disc-label-chem">Chemistry</span> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * absorption (of electromagnetic radiation) | ||
| + | * atom | ||
| + | * bias | ||
| + | * claim | ||
| + | * electromagnetic radiation | ||
| + | * energy | ||
| + | * evidence | ||
| + | * frequency | ||
| + | * gamma rays | ||
| + | * heat | ||
| + | * heat energy | ||
| + | * living cell | ||
| + | * matter | ||
| + | * photon | ||
| + | * qualitative | ||
| + | * radiation | ||
| + | * reasoning | ||
| + | * reliability | ||
| + | * system | ||
| + | * thermal energy | ||
| + | * ultraviolet radiation | ||
| + | * validity | ||
| + | * wavelength | ||
| + | * X-rays | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|beta particle]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|electromagnetic energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|electron]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|emission spectrum]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|excited state]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|fusion]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|gas]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|global warming]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|global warming potential (GWP)]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|greenhouse effect]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|greenhouse gas]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|ground state]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|infrared radiation]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|June 2026]], [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|nucleus]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q1|ozone layer]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|particle]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|phosphorescence]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|plasma]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|quantitative]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|radiative forcing]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|reflectivity]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q1|solar radiation]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|June 2026]], [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|spectral line]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q1|stratosphere]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|temperature]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q2|UVA, UVB and UVC]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|visible light]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|June 2026]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|visible spectrum]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list"> | ||
| + | * electromagnetic spectrum – implied by "light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation" | ||
| + | * ionizing radiation – implied by "can ionize atoms and cause damage to living cells" | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <span class="disc-label disc-label-phys">Physics</span> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * absorbed by matter | ||
| + | * bias | ||
| + | * cause and effect | ||
| + | * claim | ||
| + | * electromagnetic radiation | ||
| + | * energy | ||
| + | * evidence | ||
| + | * frequency | ||
| + | * gamma rays | ||
| + | * heat | ||
| + | * ionize | ||
| + | * light | ||
| + | * living cells | ||
| + | * living tissue | ||
| + | * mechanism | ||
| + | * medium | ||
| + | * photon | ||
| + | * published materials | ||
| + | * qualitative | ||
| + | * radiation | ||
| + | * relative energy | ||
| + | * scale (of a model) | ||
| + | * scientific reasoning | ||
| + | * support (a claim) | ||
| + | * system | ||
| + | * technical information | ||
| + | * thermal energy | ||
| + | * ultraviolet | ||
| + | * validity and reliability | ||
| + | * wavelength | ||
| + | * X-rays | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|absorb energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|device]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|eject an electron]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|electromagnetic spectrum]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|health effects]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|hydrogen]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|ionization energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|ionizing radiation]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|justification]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|photon energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|radio]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|radio/microwave frequency region]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|refute]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|temperature]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
{{PerformanceLevel}} | {{PerformanceLevel}} | ||
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| Level4 = Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter. | | Level4 = Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter. | ||
| Level3 = Make and support a claim, using scientific and/or technical information, that describes the effects of a frequency and/or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. | | Level3 = Make and support a claim, using scientific and/or technical information, that describes the effects of a frequency and/or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. | ||
| + | | Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q3|Chem Sample · Gas Stoves Q3]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:The Cell Phone#q5|June 2026 Phys · Q29]]</span> | ||
| Level2 = Use information that provides evidence to support a claim that describes the effects of different frequencies, relative energies, and/or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. | | Level2 = Use information that provides evidence to support a claim that describes the effects of different frequencies, relative energies, and/or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. | ||
| + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q2|Aug 2026 Chem · Q27]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q2|Aug 2026 Chem · Q11]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:How Glow Became Gloom#q4|June 2026 Chem · Q4]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:PSC Evaluating Gas Stoves#q4|Chem Sample · Gas Stoves Q4]]</span> | ||
| Level1 = Based on evidence, identify the frequency, wavelength, relative energy, or effect on matter of electromagnetic radiation when one of these is provided. | | Level1 = Based on evidence, identify the frequency, wavelength, relative energy, or effect on matter of electromagnetic radiation when one of these is provided. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation#q1|Aug 2026 Chem · Q26]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:The Great American Solar Eclipse#q1|Aug 2026 Chem · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:Urban Heat Islands#q3|June 2026 Chem · Q21]]</span> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== {{Resourcesheading}} == | == {{Resourcesheading}} == | ||
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| TOPIC = HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation | | TOPIC = HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Latest revision as of 11:22, 18 October 2026
Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the idea that photons associated with different frequencies of light have different energies, and the damage to living tissue from electromagnetic radiation depends on the energy of the radiation. Examples of published materials could include scientific journals, trade books, magazines, web resources, videos, and other passages that may reflect bias.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to qualitative descriptions.
Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS chemistry and HS physics. The focus will vary based on which class this standard is being taught in.
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS4-4 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Chemistry
Physics
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 Physics Regents | The Cell Phone | Question 29 |
Vocabulary
Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Chemistry terms are from the Chemistry Glossary; Physics terms are from the Physics Glossary.
Chemistry
From this standard
- absorption (of electromagnetic radiation)
- atom
- bias
- claim
- electromagnetic radiation
- energy
- evidence
- frequency
- gamma rays
- heat
- heat energy
- living cell
- matter
- photon
- qualitative
- radiation
- reasoning
- reliability
- system
- thermal energy
- ultraviolet radiation
- validity
- wavelength
- X-rays
From released exam questions
- beta particle – June 2026
- electromagnetic energy – June 2026
- electron – June 2026
- emission spectrum – Aug 2026
- excited state – June 2026
- fusion – Aug 2026
- gas – Sample 2025
- global warming – Sample 2025
- global warming potential (GWP) – Sample 2025
- greenhouse effect – Sample 2025
- greenhouse gas – Sample 2025
- ground state – June 2026
- infrared radiation – Aug 2026, June 2026, Sample 2025
- nucleus – June 2026
- ozone layer – Aug 2026
- particle – June 2026
- phosphorescence – June 2026
- plasma – Aug 2026
- quantitative – Sample 2025
- radiative forcing – Sample 2025
- reflectivity – June 2026
- solar radiation – Aug 2026, June 2026, Sample 2025
- spectral line – Aug 2026
- stratosphere – Aug 2026
- temperature – Sample 2025
- UVA, UVB and UVC – Aug 2026
- visible light – Aug 2026, June 2026
- visible spectrum – Sample 2025
Implied by this standard
- electromagnetic spectrum – implied by "light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation"
- ionizing radiation – implied by "can ionize atoms and cause damage to living cells"
Physics
From this standard
- absorbed by matter
- bias
- cause and effect
- claim
- electromagnetic radiation
- energy
- evidence
- frequency
- gamma rays
- heat
- ionize
- light
- living cells
- living tissue
- mechanism
- medium
- photon
- published materials
- qualitative
- radiation
- relative energy
- scale (of a model)
- scientific reasoning
- support (a claim)
- system
- technical information
- thermal energy
- ultraviolet
- validity and reliability
- wavelength
- X-rays
From released exam questions
- absorb energy – June 2026
- device – June 2026
- eject an electron – June 2026
- electromagnetic spectrum – June 2026
- health effects – June 2026
- hydrogen – June 2026
- ionization energy – June 2026
- ionizing radiation – June 2026
- justification – June 2026
- photon energy – June 2026
- radio – June 2026
- radio/microwave frequency region – June 2026
- refute – June 2026
- temperature – June 2026
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS4-4 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Based on evidence, identify the frequency, wavelength, relative energy, or effect on matter of electromagnetic radiation when one of these is provided. Aug 2026 Chem · Q26 Aug 2026 Chem · Q10 June 2026 Chem · Q21
Level 2: Use information that provides evidence to support a claim that describes the effects of different frequencies, relative energies, and/or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. Aug 2026 Chem · Q27 Aug 2026 Chem · Q11 June 2026 Chem · Q4 Chem Sample · Gas Stoves Q4
Level 3: Make and support a claim, using scientific and/or technical information, that describes the effects of a frequency and/or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation when absorbed by matter. Chem Sample · Gas Stoves Q3 June 2026 Phys · Q29
Level 4: Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Level 5: Gather and evaluate a variety of valid and reliable sources to formulate a claim on the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter, citing qualitative evidence with scientific reasoning.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS4-4.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS4-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information
- Evaluate the validity and reliability of multiple claims that appear in scientific and technical texts or media reports, verifying the data when possible.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation
- When light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in matter, it is generally converted into thermal energy (heat). Shorter wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) can ionize atoms and cause damage to living cells.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Cause and Effect
- Cause and effect relationships can be suggested and predicted for complex natural and human designed systems by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms, within the system.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard