Difference between revisions of "HS-LS4-2"

From NY Science Standards Wiki
(Removed "* (NYSED) Individuals of a species with certain traits are more likely than others to survive and reproduce in a given environment. ". Doesn't seem to be in the NYSED pdf. This discrepancy was reported through the Google Form.)
(Add Vocabulary section (Biology))
 
(2 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 7: Line 7:
 
| ab = Assessment does not include other mechanisms of evolution, such as genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution.
 
| ab = Assessment does not include other mechanisms of evolution, such as genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution.
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 +
{{assessmentmessage}}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool|Star of the Tide Pool]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|Question 1]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival|A Seasonal Strategy for Survival]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|Question 5]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs|Green and Black Frogs]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|Question 11]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Buzzy Bees|Buzzy Bees]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|Question 29]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Australian Adaptations|Australian Adaptations]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|Question 44]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|January 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats|Honeybee Behavior and Threats]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q4|Question 31]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Baboon Evolution|Baboon Evolution]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Baboon Evolution#q2|Question 34]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Zebra Coat Patterns|Zebra Coat Patterns]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Zebra Coat Patterns#q3|Question 43]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2025]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species|Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q2|Question 6]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species|Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q5|Question 9]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein|Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein#q5|Question 28]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolutionary Relationships Biology|Evolutionary Relationships]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolutionary Relationships Biology#q2|Question 34]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2025]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!|Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|Question 7]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Heads or Tails?|Heads or Tails?]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|Question 12]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Limb Evolution|Limb Evolution]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q3|Question 30]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Limb Evolution|Limb Evolution]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q5|Question 32]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Biology Sample Questions|Sample clusters]] (Spring 2024)
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster|Dinosaurs-Evolution]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|Question 1]]
 +
|}
  
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
Line 16: Line 82:
 
| Level1 = Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the explanation that evolution is the result of a genetic and/or an environmental factor.
 
| Level1 = Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the explanation that evolution is the result of a genetic and/or an environmental factor.
 
}}
 
}}
 +
 +
== Vocabulary ==
 +
Terms from the [[Biology Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* adaptation
 +
* behavior
 +
* claim
 +
* competition
 +
* correlation (versus cause)
 +
* empirical evidence
 +
* environmental factor
 +
* evolution
 +
* gene
 +
* genetic information
 +
* genetic variation
 +
* investigation
 +
* limited resources
 +
* migration
 +
* morphology
 +
* mutation
 +
* natural selection
 +
* physiology
 +
* population
 +
* proliferation
 +
* reproduction
 +
* reproduction potential
 +
* resources
 +
* sexual reproduction
 +
* species
 +
* survival
 +
* trait
 +
* variation
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:Evolutionary Relationships Biology#q2|aquatic]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|asexual reproduction]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|asteroid impact]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|atmosphere]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|Australia]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|average]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|blood]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|blood vessel]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q3|bone]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|Bowman’s capsule]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|camouflage]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|carbon]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|climate]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|colony]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|coloration]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|digestive system]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Zebra Coat Patterns#q3|disease]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein#q5|DNA]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein#q5|DNA sequence]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|egg (egg cell)]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|frequency]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|fungus]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q5|generation]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q3|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|genetic material]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolutionary Relationships Biology#q2|genome]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|gland]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q3|habitat]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|herbivore]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q5|herding]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|hormone]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|host]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|hybrid]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Zebra Coat Patterns#q3|hypothesis]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|immune response]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|infection]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|interbreeding]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|invertebrate]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|K-T extinction]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|kidney]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|larva]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|life cycle]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|mammal]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|June 2025]], [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|mating]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|metabolism]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|nephron]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|ocean]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Heads or Tails?#q2|parasite]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q2|parental care]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|pheromone]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|photosynthesis]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|pigment]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q5|predation]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|predator]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Green and Black Frogs#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q5|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q5|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|prey]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Limb Evolution#q5|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|producer]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Australian Adaptations#q3|rainforest]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Baboon Evolution#q2|Jan 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species#q2|reproductive cycle]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Honeybee Behavior and Threats#q4|resistance (to a pesticide or treatment)]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|salinity]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Zebra Coat Patterns#q3|skin]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Buzzy Bees#q2|stinger]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|stomach]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein#q5|structure and function]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|sulfur]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|terrestrial]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Star of the Tide Pool#q1|tide pool]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|tubule]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning!#q2|waste]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:A Seasonal Strategy for Survival#q5|white blood cell]] – June 2026
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list">
 +
* convergent evolution – [[Questions:Evolutionary Relationships Biology#q2|Aug 2025 Evolutionary Relationships]] asks why sharks (fish) and marine mammals evolved similar body shapes, without naming the idea.
 +
* selection pressure (environmental pressure) – implied by "competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources"
 +
</div>
  
 
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
 
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
Line 21: Line 201:
  
 
{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
 
{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
−
 
−
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
−
{{assessmentmessage}}
 
−
 
−
* [[Questions:Dinosaurs Evolution Sample Cluster#q1|Dinosaurs Evolution Q1]]
 
−
 
  
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==

Latest revision as of 17:47, 27 September 2026

← HS-LS4-1
HS-LS4-3 →

Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on using evidence to explain the influence each of the four factors has on number of organisms, behaviors, morphology, or physiology in terms of ability to compete for limited resources and subsequent survival of individuals and adaptation of species. Examples of evidence could include mathematical models such as simple distribution graphs and proportional reasoning.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include other mechanisms of evolution, such as genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution.

Assessment

What assessment of HS-LS4-2 might look like on a NY state exam.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Star of the Tide Pool Question 1
June 2026 A Seasonal Strategy for Survival Question 5
Green and Black Frogs Question 11
Buzzy Bees Question 29
Australian Adaptations Question 44
January 2026 Honeybee Behavior and Threats Question 31
Baboon Evolution Question 34
Zebra Coat Patterns Question 43
August 2025 Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species Question 6
Strategies for Survival in Different Animal Species Question 9
Keratin – A Very Versatile Protein Question 28
Evolutionary Relationships Question 34
June 2025 Drinking Water Is Just The Beginning! Question 7
Heads or Tails? Question 12
Limb Evolution Question 30
Limb Evolution Question 32
Sample clusters (Spring 2024) Dinosaurs-Evolution Question 1

Performance Level Descriptions

PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.

☐
Level 1: Identify the evidence, from those provided, that supports the explanation that evolution is the result of a genetic and/or an environmental factor.
☐
Level 2: Identify the explanation based on evidence that evolution is the result of genetic and/or environmental factor(s) or justify why the given explanation is correct or incorrect.
☐
Level 3: Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution can involve: (1) the potential of species to increase in number, and/or (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, and/or (3) competition for limited resources, and/or (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
☐
Level 4: Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential of species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
☐
Level 5: Construct an explanation based on evidence obtained from a variety of reliable sources that natural selection is a process leading to biological evolution of a species, primarily caused by four factors: (1) the potential of species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Vocabulary

Terms from the Biology Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • adaptation
  • behavior
  • claim
  • competition
  • correlation (versus cause)
  • empirical evidence
  • environmental factor
  • evolution
  • gene
  • genetic information
  • genetic variation
  • investigation
  • limited resources
  • migration
  • morphology
  • mutation
  • natural selection
  • physiology
  • population
  • proliferation
  • reproduction
  • reproduction potential
  • resources
  • sexual reproduction
  • species
  • survival
  • trait
  • variation
From released exam questions
Implied by this standard
  • convergent evolution – Aug 2025 Evolutionary Relationships asks why sharks (fish) and marine mammals evolved similar body shapes, without naming the idea.
  • selection pressure (environmental pressure) – implied by "competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources"

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-LS4-2.

Pixel beaver This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.


NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-LS4-2 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
    • Construct an explanation based on valid and reliable evidence obtained from a variety of sources (including students’ own investigations, models, theories, simulations, peer review) and the assumption that theories and laws that describe the natural world operate today as they did in the past and will continue to do so in the future.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • LS4.B: Natural Selection
    • Natural selection occurs only if there is both (1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information – that is, trait variation – that leads to differences in performance among individuals.
  • LS4.C: Adaptation
    • Evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Cause and Effect
    • Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Biology | HS. Natural Selection and Evolution
Retrieved from "https://nyssls.info/index.php?title=HS-LS4-2&oldid=5734"

About Us • Privacy Policy • Contact Us • Terms of Use