Difference between revisions of "MS-PS2-4"
From NY Science Standards Wiki
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{{Navlinks|MS-PS2-3|MS-PS2-5|← MS-PS2-3|MS-PS2-5 →}}{{learningstandard | {{Navlinks|MS-PS2-3|MS-PS2-5|← MS-PS2-3|MS-PS2-5 →}}{{learningstandard | ||
| + | | topic = Gravity | ||
| ls = Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are | | ls = Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are | ||
attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | ||
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2026 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2026]] | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2026 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2026 Grade 8 Test]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System|Scale Properties in Our Solar System]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System|Scale Properties in Our Solar System]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|Question 50]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|Question 50]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2025 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2025]] | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2025 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2025 Grade 8 Test]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Observing Jupiter|Observing Jupiter]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Observing Jupiter|Observing Jupiter]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|Question 16]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|Question 16]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2024 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2024]] | + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Spring 2024 Grade 8 Science Test|Spring 2024 Grade 8 Test]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces|Gravitational Forces]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces|Gravitational Forces]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q1|Question 28]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q1|Question 28]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q2|Question 29]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q2|Question 29]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms from the [[Middle School Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released Grade 8 Science Test questions that assess it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * argument | ||
| + | * attractive force | ||
| + | * claim | ||
| + | * digital tool | ||
| + | * distance | ||
| + | * evidence | ||
| + | * gravitational force | ||
| + | * gravitational interaction | ||
| + | * gravity | ||
| + | * Kepler's laws | ||
| + | * mass | ||
| + | * Newton's law of gravitation | ||
| + | * orbital period | ||
| + | * scientific reasoning | ||
| + | * simulation | ||
| + | * solar system | ||
| + | * system | ||
| + | * system model | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released test questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|celestial object]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q1|computer simulation]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q1|data]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|data table]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|force of attraction]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|kinetic energy]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|magnetic field]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|mean distance]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|moon]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|orbit]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|planet]] – Spring 2026, [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|Spring 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|rotation]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|speed]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|tilt]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
{{PerformanceLevelMS}} | {{PerformanceLevelMS}} | ||
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| Level3 = Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | | Level3 = Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | ||
| Level2 = Identify the evidence that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects or the distance between them. | | Level2 = Identify the evidence that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects or the distance between them. | ||
| + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ms">[[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q1|Spring 2024 · Q28]]</span> | ||
| Level1 = Identify the argument, from those provided, that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | | Level1 = Identify the argument, from those provided, that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ms">[[Questions:Scale Properties in Our Solar System#q2|Spring 2026 · Q50]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ms">[[Questions:Observing Jupiter#q3|Spring 2025 · Q16]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ms">[[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q2|Spring 2024 · Q29]]</span> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| TOPIC = MS. Forces and Interactions | | TOPIC = MS. Forces and Interactions | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:45, 18 October 2026
Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them.
Clarification statement: Examples of evidence for arguments could include data generated from simulations or digital tools; and charts displaying mass, strength of interaction, distance from the Sun, and orbital periods of objects within the solar system.
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include Newton’s Law of Gravitation or Kepler’s Laws.
Grade 8 Science Test Questions
Released New York State Grade 8 science test questions that assess MS-PS2-4 are listed here by test and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Middle School Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released Grade 8 Science Test questions that assess it.
From this standard
- argument
- attractive force
- claim
- digital tool
- distance
- evidence
- gravitational force
- gravitational interaction
- gravity
- Kepler's laws
- mass
- Newton's law of gravitation
- orbital period
- scientific reasoning
- simulation
- solar system
- system
- system model
From released test questions
- celestial object – Spring 2026
- computer simulation – Spring 2024
- data – Spring 2024
- data table – Spring 2025
- force of attraction – Spring 2026
- kinetic energy – Spring 2025
- magnetic field – Spring 2025
- mean distance – Spring 2025
- moon – Spring 2025
- orbit – Spring 2025
- planet – Spring 2026, Spring 2025
- rotation – Spring 2026
- speed – Spring 2025
- tilt – Spring 2026
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Grade 8 Science Test question on MS-PS2-4 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Identify the argument, from those provided, that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them. Spring 2026 · Q50 Spring 2025 · Q16 Spring 2024 · Q29
Level 2: Identify the evidence that supports the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects or the distance between them. Spring 2024 · Q28
Level 3: Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them.
Level 4: Construct and present arguments using multiple pieces of evidence and scientific reasoning to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on mass and distance.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of MS-PS2-4.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation MS-PS2-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Engaging in Argument from Evidence
- Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS2.B: Types of Interactions
- Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass – e.g., Earth and the sun.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Systems and System Models
- Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy and matter flows within systems.