Difference between revisions of "HS-PS4-6"
From NY Science Standards Wiki
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| Level1 = Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, <B><U>or</B></U> given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed. | | Level1 = Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, <B><U>or</B></U> given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms from the [[Physics Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * biconcave lens | ||
| + | * biconvex lens | ||
| + | * claim | ||
| + | * concave mirror | ||
| + | * convex mirror | ||
| + | * design solution | ||
| + | * evidence | ||
| + | * focal distance | ||
| + | * focal length | ||
| + | * image | ||
| + | * image size | ||
| + | * lens | ||
| + | * location of an image | ||
| + | * mathematical model | ||
| + | * mathematical representation | ||
| + | * mirror | ||
| + | * object | ||
| + | * plane mirror | ||
| + | * ray diagram | ||
| + | * real image | ||
| + | * scale (of a model) | ||
| + | * support (a claim) | ||
| + | * system | ||
| + | * type of image | ||
| + | * virtual image | ||
| + | * wave | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|absolute value]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|angle]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|center of curvature]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|digital data]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|double convex lens]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|focal point]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|image distance]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|image height]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|incident ray]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|inverted image]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|light]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q4|light ray]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q4|mirror image]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|normal (to a surface)]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|object distance]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|object height]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|observer]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|orientation]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|principal axis]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|principal ray]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|reflected ray]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|reflection]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|trial]] – Sample 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q4|upright image]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|Sample 2025]] | ||
| + | </div> | ||
== {{Resourcesheading}} == | == {{Resourcesheading}} == | ||
Latest revision as of 19:43, 27 September 2026
Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors.
Clarification statement: Emphasis should be on analyzing ray diagrams to determine image size and location.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to analysis of plane, convex, and concave mirrors, and biconvex and biconcave lenses.
Note: this is a NYSED-specific performance expectation that is different from the Next Generation Science Standards.
Assessment
What assessment of HS-PS4-6 might look like on a NY state exam.
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 | The Cell Phone | Question 25 |
| The Cell Phone | Question 28 | |
| Sample clusters (Spring 2025) | Automotive Optics | Question 2 |
| Automotive Optics | Question 3 | |
| Automotive Optics | Question 4 |
Performance Level Descriptions
PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.
☐
Level 1: Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, or given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed.
☐
Level 2: Use mathematical models or given ray diagrams to identify the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
☐
Level 3: Use mathematical models and/or ray diagrams to describe the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
☐
Level 4: Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors.
☐
Level 5: Use mathematical models, including ray diagrams, to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths for lenses and mirrors.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- biconcave lens
- biconvex lens
- claim
- concave mirror
- convex mirror
- design solution
- evidence
- focal distance
- focal length
- image
- image size
- lens
- location of an image
- mathematical model
- mathematical representation
- mirror
- object
- plane mirror
- ray diagram
- real image
- scale (of a model)
- support (a claim)
- system
- type of image
- virtual image
- wave
From released exam questions
- absolute value – Sample 2025
- angle – June 2026, Sample 2025
- center of curvature – Sample 2025
- digital data – June 2026
- double convex lens – June 2026
- focal point – June 2026, Sample 2025
- image distance – Sample 2025
- image height – Sample 2025
- incident ray – Sample 2025
- inverted image – June 2026
- light – June 2026, Sample 2025
- light ray – June 2026, Sample 2025
- mirror image – June 2026
- normal (to a surface) – Sample 2025
- object distance – Sample 2025
- object height – Sample 2025
- observer – Sample 2025
- orientation – Sample 2025
- principal axis – Sample 2025
- principal ray – June 2026
- reflected ray – Sample 2025
- reflection – Sample 2025
- trial – Sample 2025
- upright image – June 2026, Sample 2025
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS4-6.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS4-6 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
- Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS4.A: Wave Properties
- (NYSED) The location and size of an image are related to the location and size of an object for a plane mirror. The location and size of an image (real or virtual) are related to the location and size of an object and the focal distance for convex and concave mirrors.
- (NYSED) The location and size of an image (real or virtual) are related to the location and size of an object and the focal distance for biconvex and biconcave lenses.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Patterns
- Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.
- Mathematical representations can be used to identify certain patterns.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman