Difference between revisions of "HS-PS4-6"

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Relevant reference tables:
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*[[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#reflection|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – θ<sub>i</sub> = θ<sub>r</sub>, Snell's law, 1/''F'' = 1/''d''<sub>o</sub> + 1/''d''<sub>i</sub> and ''h''<sub>i</sub>/''h''<sub>o</sub> = −''d''<sub>i</sub>/''d''<sub>o</sub>]]
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| Level5 = Use mathematical models, including ray diagrams, to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths for lenses and mirrors.
 
| Level5 = Use mathematical models, including ray diagrams, to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths for lenses and mirrors.
 
| Level4 = Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors.
 
| Level4 = Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors.
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| Example4 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:The Cell Phone#q1|June 2026 · Q25]]</span>
 
| Level3 = Use mathematical models and/or ray diagrams to describe the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
 
| Level3 = Use mathematical models and/or ray diagrams to describe the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
 
| Level2 = Use mathematical models or given ray diagrams to identify the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
 
| Level2 = Use mathematical models or given ray diagrams to identify the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
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| Example2 = [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|Automotive Optics sample cluster Question 3]]
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| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q3|Sample · Automotive Optics Q3]]</span>
 
| Level1 = Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, <B><U>or</B></U> given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed.
 
| Level1 = Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, <B><U>or</B></U> given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed.
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| Example1 = [[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|Automotive Optics sample cluster Question 4]]
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| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:The Cell Phone#q4|June 2026 · Q28]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q2|Sample · Automotive Optics Q2]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Sampler Automotive Optics#q4|Sample · Automotive Optics Q4]]</span>
 
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Latest revision as of 17:30, 25 October 2026

← HS-PS4-5
HS-ESS1-2 →

Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors.

Clarification statement: Emphasis should be on analyzing ray diagrams to determine image size and location.

Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to analysis of plane, convex, and concave mirrors, and biconvex and biconcave lenses.

Note: this is a NYSED-specific performance expectation that is different from the Next Generation Science Standards.

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS4-6 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
June 2026 Physics Regents The Cell Phone Question 25
The Cell Phone Question 28
Physics sample clusters (Spring 2025) Automotive Optics Question 2
Automotive Optics Question 3
Automotive Optics Question 4

Vocabulary

Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • biconcave lens
  • biconvex lens
  • claim
  • concave mirror
  • convex mirror
  • design solution
  • evidence
  • focal distance
  • focal length
  • image
  • image size
  • lens
  • location of an image
  • mathematical model
  • mathematical representation
  • mirror
  • object
  • plane mirror
  • ray diagram
  • real image
  • scale (of a model)
  • support (a claim)
  • system
  • type of image
  • virtual image
  • wave
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-PS4-6 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Use mathematical models, patterns, or given ray diagrams to determine the relative size, and/or location of the image and/or focal length for a lens or mirror, or given information or ray diagrams, identify the type of lens or mirror and the type of image formed. June 2026 · Q28 Sample · Automotive Optics Q2 Sample · Automotive Optics Q4
Level 2: Use mathematical models or given ray diagrams to identify the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length. Sample · Automotive Optics Q3
Level 3: Use mathematical models and/or ray diagrams to describe the patterns in the change in size and/or location of an image for an object at two or more positions for a lens or mirror with a given focal length.
Level 4: Use mathematical models to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths of lenses and mirrors. June 2026 · Q25
Level 5: Use mathematical models, including ray diagrams, to determine relationships among the size and location of images, size and location of objects, and focal lengths for lenses and mirrors.
Notice: PLD levels!

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS4-6.

Pixel beaver This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.


NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-PS4-6 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
    • Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • PS4.A: Wave Properties
    • (NYSED) The location and size of an image are related to the location and size of an object for a plane mirror. The location and size of an image (real or virtual) are related to the location and size of an object and the focal distance for convex and concave mirrors.
    • (NYSED) The location and size of an image (real or virtual) are related to the location and size of an object and the focal distance for biconvex and biconcave lenses.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Patterns
    • Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.
    • Mathematical representations can be used to identify certain patterns.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman
Physics | HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
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