Difference between revisions of "HS-PS4-3"
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| + | Relevant reference tables: | ||
| + | *[[Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation#photon-energy|Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation – ''E''<sub>photon</sub> = ''hf'']] | ||
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| Level3 = Given information, support or refute a claim regarding the use of the wave model or the particle model for electromagnetic radiation to describe a phenomenon. | | Level3 = Given information, support or refute a claim regarding the use of the wave model or the particle model for electromagnetic radiation to describe a phenomenon. | ||
| Level2 = Given information about a phenomenon, identify the evidence that supports a claim about the model which best describes the phenomenon. | | Level2 = Given information about a phenomenon, identify the evidence that supports a claim about the model which best describes the phenomenon. | ||
| − | | Example2 = [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q4|June 2026 · Q9]] | + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q4|June 2026 · Q9]]</span> |
| Level1 = Identify a phenomenon from those given that is best described by the wave and/or particle model of electromagnetic radiation. | | Level1 = Identify a phenomenon from those given that is best described by the wave and/or particle model of electromagnetic radiation. | ||
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Latest revision as of 17:30, 25 October 2026
Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model (quantum theory), and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on how the experimental evidence supports the claim and how a theory is generally modified in light of new evidence. Examples of a phenomenon could include resonance, interference, diffraction, and photoelectric effect.
Assessment boundary: Assessment of the photoelectric effect is limited to qualitative descriptions.
Reference Tables
Relevant reference tables:
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS4-3 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 Physics Regents | Kidney Stone Detection and Removal | Question 9 |
Vocabulary
Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- argument
- claim
- claims, evidence, and reasoning
- diffraction
- electromagnetic radiation
- energy
- evidence
- interaction
- interference
- light
- magnetic field
- microwaves
- particle model
- peaks and troughs
- photoelectric effect
- photon
- qualitative
- quantum theory
- radio
- refute
- relative phase
- relative position
- resonance
- scale (of a model)
- scientific reasoning
- solution
- support (a claim)
- system
- theory
- wave
- wave model
- waves can add or cancel
From released exam questions
- amplification – June 2026
- constructive interference – June 2026
- energy level – June 2026
- excited electron – June 2026
- frequency – June 2026
- laser – June 2026
- radiation – June 2026
- stimulated emission – June 2026
Implied by this standard
- wave–particle duality – implied by "can be described either by a wave model or a particle model (quantum theory)"
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS4-3 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Identify a phenomenon from those given that is best described by the wave and/or particle model of electromagnetic radiation.
Level 2: Given information about a phenomenon, identify the evidence that supports a claim about the model which best describes the phenomenon. June 2026 · Q9
Level 3: Given information, support or refute a claim regarding the use of the wave model or the particle model for electromagnetic radiation to describe a phenomenon.
Level 4: Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model (quantum theory), and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.
Level 5: Using multiple sources of evidence and scientific reasoning, construct and evaluate a claim that for some situations one model of electromagnetic radiation (wave or particle) is more useful than the other.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS4-3.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS4-3 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Engaging in Argument from Evidence
- Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS4.A: Wave Properties
- Waves can add or cancel one another as they cross, depending on their relative phase (i.e., relative position of peaks and troughs of the waves), but they emerge unaffected by each other.
- PS4.B: Electromagnetic Radiation
- Electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radio, microwaves, light) can be modeled as a wave of changing electric and magnetic fields or as particles called photons. The wave model is useful for explaining many features of electromagnetic radiation, and the particle model explains other features.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Systems and System Models
- Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions - including energy, matter, and information flows – within and between systems at different scales.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman