HS-PS1-10

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Use evidence to support claims regarding the formation, properties and behaviors of solutions at bulk scales.

Clarification statement: Examples of physical properties could include colligative properties, degree of saturation, physical behavior of solutions, solvation process and conductivity. Examples of solution types could include solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid solutions. Concentrations can be quantitatively expressed in ppm, molarity, and percent by mass

Assessment boundary: Assessment of colligative properties is limited to qualitative statements of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

Note: this is a NYSED-specific performance expectation that is different from the Next Generation Science Standards.

Assessment

What assessment of HS-PS1-10 might look like on a NY state exam.

Exam	Cluster	Question
August 2026	The Fruit Industry in New York State	Question 9
	The ABCs of Ultraviolet Radiation	Question 28
	Get a Whiff of That!	Question 34
	Get a Whiff of That!	Question 38
June 2026	Chemistry of Beverages	Question 8
	Clock Reaction	Question 32
	Chip Bag: PFAS vs PLA Plastics	Question 37
	Indoor Air Pollution	Question 49

Performance Level Descriptions

PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.

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Level 1: Use data/information to identify a relationship between the formation, property, and/or behavior of one or more solutions.

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Level 2: Construct and/or use a mathematical representation as evidence to determine the quantities required to form or describe a solution.

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Level 3: Use data/information that provides evidence to make and/or support a claim that identifies relationships between the formation, properties, and/or behaviors of solutions at bulk scales.

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Level 4: Use evidence to support claims regarding the formation, properties, and behaviors of solutions at bulk scales.

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Level 5: Evaluate the validity of claims, evidence, and/or reasoning of currently accepted explanations regarding formation, properties, and behaviors of solutions at bulk scales.

Vocabulary

Terms from the Chemistry Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard

• boiling point elevation
• bulk scale
• claim
• colligative property
• concentration
• conductivity
• degree of saturation
• evidence
• freezing point depression
• gas-liquid solution
• liquid
• liquid-liquid solution
• mathematical representation
• matter
• molarity
• parts per million (ppm)
• percent by mass
• phenomenon
• physical property
• properties
• qualitative
• quantitative
• reasoning
• solid
• solid-liquid solution
• solution
• solvation
• system
• validity

From released exam questions

• aqueous (aq) – June 2026
• boiling point – Aug 2026
• clock reaction – June 2026
• compound – Aug 2026
• condensation – Aug 2026
• contaminant – June 2026
• density – Aug 2026
• dissolve – Aug 2026
• gas – June 2026
• mass – Aug 2026, June 2026
• mixture – Aug 2026, June 2026
• molecule – Aug 2026
• particle – Aug 2026
• percent composition by mass – Aug 2026
• polarity – Aug 2026
• radiation – Aug 2026
• reaction – Aug 2026
• solubility – June 2026
• soluble – Aug 2026, June 2026
• solute – June 2026
• solvent – Aug 2026
• substance – Aug 2026
• temperature – June 2026

Implied by this standard

• saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions – implied by "degree of saturation"

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS1-10.

This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-PS1-10 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices

• Engaging in Argument from Evidence
  • Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind currently accepted explanations or solutions to determine the merits of arguments.

Disciplinary Core Ideas

• PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
  • (NYSED) Solutions possess characteristic properties that can be described quantitatively and qualitatively.

Crosscutting Concepts

• Patterns
  • Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.

Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard

Chemistry | HS. Structure and Properties of Matter