Difference between revisions of "MS-PS2-2"
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|Question 31]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|Question 31]] | ||
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| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms from the [[Middle School Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released Grade 8 Science Test questions that assess it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * balanced force | ||
| + | * change in motion | ||
| + | * data | ||
| + | * evidence | ||
| + | * force | ||
| + | * frame of reference | ||
| + | * inertial reference frame | ||
| + | * investigation | ||
| + | * mass | ||
| + | * motion | ||
| + | * Newton's first law | ||
| + | * Newton's second law | ||
| + | * plan and conduct an investigation | ||
| + | * reference frame | ||
| + | * simple machine | ||
| + | * sum of the forces | ||
| + | * system | ||
| + | * total force | ||
| + | * trigonometry | ||
| + | * unbalanced force | ||
| + | * variable | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released test questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|argument]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|claim]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|collision]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|electric force]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|electromagnet]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|electromagnetic crane]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|generator]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|gravitational force]] – Spring 2026, [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|Spring 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|impact crater]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|magnetic force]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|magnetic metal]] – Spring 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|metal]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|model]] – Spring 2026, [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|Spring 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|orbit]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|particle]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|phenomenon]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|satellite]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|solar panel]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|space debris]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|space telescope]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|speed]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Gravitational Forces#q4|telescope]] – Spring 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|uncharged]] – Spring 2026 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list"> | ||
| + | * net force – implied by "the sum of the forces on the object" and "if the total force on an object is not zero, its motion will change" | ||
| + | * inertia – implied by "balanced (Newton’s First Law)" forces | ||
| + | * acceleration – implied by "the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object" (Newton’s Second Law) | ||
| + | </div> | ||
{{PerformanceLevelMS}} | {{PerformanceLevelMS}} | ||
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| Level3 = Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | | Level3 = Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | ||
| Level2 = Given an investigation, provide evidence that shows the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | | Level2 = Given an investigation, provide evidence that shows the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | ||
| + | | Example2 = [[Questions:Forces and Fields#q3|Spring 2026 Question 17]] | ||
| Level1 = Given an investigation and the data collected, identify the change in an object’s motion that depended on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | | Level1 = Given an investigation and the data collected, identify the change in an object’s motion that depended on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. | ||
| + | | Example1 = [[Questions:Practical Applications of Magnetism#q4|Spring 2025 Question 45]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 09:53, 17 October 2026
Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on balanced (Newton’s First Law) and unbalanced forces in a system (including simple machines), qualitative comparisons of forces, mass and changes in motion (Newton’s Second Law), frame of reference, and specification of units.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to forces and changes in motion in one-dimension in an inertial reference frame and to change in one variable at a time. Assessment does not include the use of trigonometry.
Grade 8 Science Test Questions
Released New York State Grade 8 science test questions that assess MS-PS2-2 are listed here by test and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Middle School Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released Grade 8 Science Test questions that assess it.
From this standard
- balanced force
- change in motion
- data
- evidence
- force
- frame of reference
- inertial reference frame
- investigation
- mass
- motion
- Newton's first law
- Newton's second law
- plan and conduct an investigation
- reference frame
- simple machine
- sum of the forces
- system
- total force
- trigonometry
- unbalanced force
- variable
From released test questions
- argument – Spring 2025
- claim – Spring 2026
- collision – Spring 2024
- electric force – Spring 2026
- electromagnet – Spring 2025
- electromagnetic crane – Spring 2025
- generator – Spring 2026
- gravitational force – Spring 2026, Spring 2025
- impact crater – Spring 2024
- magnetic force – Spring 2025
- magnetic metal – Spring 2025
- metal – Spring 2026
- model – Spring 2026, Spring 2025
- orbit – Spring 2024
- particle – Spring 2024
- phenomenon – Spring 2024
- satellite – Spring 2024
- solar panel – Spring 2024
- space debris – Spring 2024
- space telescope – Spring 2024
- speed – Spring 2024
- telescope – Spring 2024
- uncharged – Spring 2026
Implied by this standard
- net force – implied by "the sum of the forces on the object" and "if the total force on an object is not zero, its motion will change"
- inertia – implied by "balanced (Newton’s First Law)" forces
- acceleration – implied by "the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object" (Newton’s Second Law)
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Grade 8 Science Test question on MS-PS2-2 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Given an investigation and the data collected, identify the change in an object’s motion that depended on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Spring 2025 Question 45
Level 2: Given an investigation, provide evidence that shows the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Spring 2026 Question 17
Level 3: Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Level 4: Plan and conduct multiple investigations under various conditions to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of MS-PS2-2.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation MS-PS2-2 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
- Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the mass of the object and the net force acting on the object.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS2.A: Forces and Motion
- The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it; if the total force on an object is not zero, its motion will change. The greater the mass of the object, the greater the force needed to achieve the same change in motion. For any given object, a larger force causes a larger change in motion.
- All positions of objects and the directions of forces and motions must be described in an arbitrarily chosen reference frame and arbitrarily chosen units of size. In order to share information with other people, these choices must also be shared.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Stability and Change
- Explanations of stability and change in natural or designed systems can be constructed by examining the changes over time and forces at different scales.