MS-PS2-4 | Gravity
Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them.
Clarification statement: Examples of evidence for arguments could include data generated from simulations or digital tools; and charts displaying mass, strength of interaction, distance from the Sun, and orbital periods of objects within the solar system.
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include Newton’s Law of Gravitation or Kepler’s Laws.
Performance Level Descriptions
PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of MS-PS2-4.
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Assessment
What assessment of MS-PS2-4 might look like on a NY state exam.
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NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation MS-PS2-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
- Engaging in Argument from Evidence
- Construct and present oral and written arguments supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model.
- PS2.B: Types of Interactions
- Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass – e.g., Earth and the sun.
- Systems and System Models
- Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs—and energy and matter flows within systems.
Connections to Other Standards
MS-PS2-4 connections to ELA, math, and other science standards as outlined by the NYS Education Department: