HS-ETS1-3
Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
Note: this is a performance expectation for four classes: Earth and Space Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
Assessment
What assessment of HS-ETS1-3 might look like on a NY state exam.
Chemistry
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| August 2026 | Safe Transport of Drinking Water | Question 44 |
| June 2026 | How Glow Became Gloom | Question 5 |
| Balloon Arches | Question 27 | |
| Photosynthetic Pathways | Question 41 |
Physics
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 | From Astro Blaster to Supernova | Question 40 |
| Sample clusters (Spring 2025) | Automotive Optics | Question 5 |
Biology
Earth & Space Science
Performance Level Descriptions
PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.
Vocabulary
Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Chemistry terms are from the Chemistry Glossary; Physics terms are from the Physics Glossary; Biology terms are from the Biology Glossary; Earth & Space Science terms are from the Earth & Space Science Glossary.
Chemistry
- constraint
- criteria
- evidence
- reliability
- trade-off
Physics
- aesthetics
- complex real-world problem
- constraints
- cost
- costs and benefits
- criteria
- engineering
- evidence
- new technologies
- prioritized criteria
- reliability
- safety
- social, cultural, and environmental impacts
- solution
- trade-offs
- disadvantages – Sample 2025
- ejected material – June 2026
- image – Sample 2025
- input variables – June 2026
- mirror – Sample 2025
- object – Sample 2025
- rebound – June 2026
- simulation – June 2026
- star – June 2026
- supernova – June 2026
- variable – June 2026
- velocity – June 2026
Biology
- constraint
- criteria
- environmental impacts
- trade-off
- algae – June 2026
- animal model – Aug 2025
- aquatic – June 2025
- biodiversity – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- breeding – Aug 2025
- burrow – June 2025
- carbon – June 2025
- cardiac muscle – Aug 2025
- cell – Aug 2025
- claim – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- colony – June 2026
- competition – June 2026
- complex interactions – June 2025
- coral reef – Sample 2024
- disease – June 2026, Aug 2025, June 2025
- ecosystem – Aug 2026, Aug 2025, June 2025
- ecosystem stability – Aug 2025
- embryo – Aug 2025
- erosion – June 2025
- fishing – Jan 2026, June 2025
- flood – June 2025
- fluctuation – June 2025
- food web – Sample 2024
- habitat – Aug 2025, June 2025
- heart – Aug 2025
- herbicide – Jan 2026
- human activity – June 2026
- hunting – Aug 2025
- hydrothermal vent – Aug 2026
- infection – June 2025
- insecticide – June 2025
- invasive species – Sample 2024
- land use – Aug 2025
- migration – June 2025
- mineral – Aug 2026
- model organism – Aug 2025
- muscle – Aug 2025
- muscle cell – Aug 2025
- nerve – Aug 2025
- nitrogen – June 2026
- non-native species – June 2026
- organ – Aug 2025
- pesticide – June 2026
- plague (Sylvatic Plague) – June 2025
- poaching – Aug 2025
- pollination – June 2026
- population – Aug 2026, June 2026, Jan 2026, Aug 2025, June 2025
- range (of a population) – Aug 2025
- resources – Aug 2025
- restoration – June 2025
- root – June 2025
- runoff – June 2026
- salt marsh – June 2025
- soil – June 2025
- species – June 2025
- survival – Aug 2025
- terrestrial – June 2025
- tissue – Aug 2025
- transplanting – Sample 2024
- vaccination – June 2025
- wetland – June 2025
- wildlife corridor (wildlife bridge) – Aug 2025
Earth & Space Science
- complex real-world problem
- constraints
- cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics
- costs and benefits
- criteria
- Earth
- new technologies
- prioritized criteria
- social, cultural, and environmental impacts
- trade-offs
- atmosphere – Aug 2026
- biodiversity – Aug 2026, June 2025
- breakwaters – June 2025
- carbon dioxide – Aug 2026
- climate change – Aug 2026
- condensation – Aug 2026
- condensation nuclei – Aug 2026
- dams – Aug 2026, June 2026
- density – June 2026
- dunes – June 2025
- Earth’s surface – Aug 2026
- energy flow – Aug 2026
- evaporation – Aug 2026
- ghost forest – June 2025
- greenhouse gases – Aug 2026
- ice – June 2026
- irrigation – Aug 2026
- marine cloud brightening (MCB) – Aug 2026
- model – Aug 2026
- ocean – Aug 2026
- porosity – June 2026
- precipitation – Aug 2026
- properties of water – June 2026
- radiation – Aug 2026
- river – Aug 2026
- runoff – June 2026
- sand fencing – June 2025
- sea level – Aug 2026
- seawall – June 2025
- sediment – Aug 2026, June 2026
- soil – June 2025
- solar radiation – Aug 2026, Jan 2026
- streamflow – Aug 2026
- surface temperature – June 2026
- water quality – Aug 2026
- weather patterns – Aug 2026
- wetlands – June 2025
- wind erosion – June 2025
- Yarkovsky Effect – Jan 2026
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-ETS1-3.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-ETS1-3 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
- Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
- Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.
- ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions
- When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
- Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science: Influence of Science, Engineering, and Technology on Society and the Natural World
- New technologies can have deep impacts on society and the environment, including some that were not anticipated. Analysis of costs and benefits is a critical aspect of decisions about technology.