Difference between revisions of "HS-PS1-4"
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== Vocabulary == | == Vocabulary == | ||
Terms from the [[Chemistry Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | Terms from the [[Chemistry Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | ||
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* enthalpy change (ΔH) – implied by "release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system" | * enthalpy change (ΔH) – implied by "release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system" | ||
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| + | {{PerformanceLevel}} | ||
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| + | | Level5 = Develop and critique models to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. | ||
| + | | Level4 = Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy. | ||
| + | | Level3 = Develop and/or use a model to describe the energy associated with the formation and/or the breaking of a bond(s) between atoms. | ||
| + | | Level2 = Use a model to describe the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system. | ||
| + | | Level1 = Use a model/information to identify the changes in energy in a chemical reaction system. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-chem">[[Questions:Catalytic Converter in Cars#q3|Aug 2026 · Q32]]</span> | ||
| + | }} | ||
== {{Resourcesheading}} == | == {{Resourcesheading}} == | ||
Latest revision as of 09:44, 18 October 2026
Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the idea that a chemical reaction is a system that affects the energy change. Examples of models could include molecular-level drawings and diagrams of reactions, graphs showing the relative energies of reactants and products, and representations showing energy is conserved.
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include calculating the total bond energy changes during a chemical reaction from the bond energies of reactants and products.
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS1-4 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| August 2026 Chemistry Regents | Catalytic Converter in Cars | Question 32 |
Vocabulary
Terms from the Chemistry Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- absorption (of energy)
- atom
- bond
- bond breaking
- bond energy
- bond formation
- chemical reaction
- chemical reaction system
- component (of a system)
- endothermic reaction
- energy
- energy change
- evidence
- exothermic reaction
- matter
- matter flow
- molecule
- particle
- product
- properties
- reactant
- reaction
- rearrangement of particles
- release of energy
- stable molecule
- substance
- system
- total bond energy
From released exam questions
- oxide – Aug 2026
- potential energy – Aug 2026
- potential energy diagram – Aug 2026
- temperature – Aug 2026
Implied by this standard
- enthalpy change (ΔH) – implied by "release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system"
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS1-4 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Use a model/information to identify the changes in energy in a chemical reaction system. Aug 2026 · Q32
Level 2: Use a model to describe the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system.
Level 3: Develop and/or use a model to describe the energy associated with the formation and/or the breaking of a bond(s) between atoms.
Level 4: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Level 5: Develop and critique models to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS1-4.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS1-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Develop and Using Models
- Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
- A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy in order to take the molecule apart.
- PS1.B: Chemical Reactions
- Chemical processes, their rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of particles and the rearrangements of particles into new substances, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of substances that are matched by changes in energy.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Energy and Matter
- Changes of energy and matter in a system can be described in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard