Difference between revisions of "HS-PS4-1"
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{{Navlinks|HS-PS3-6|HS-PS4-2|← HS-PS3-6|HS-PS4-2 →}} | {{Navlinks|HS-PS3-6|HS-PS4-2|← HS-PS3-6|HS-PS4-2 →}} | ||
{{learningstandard | {{learningstandard | ||
| + | | topic = Wave Properties | ||
| ls = Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in | | ls = Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in | ||
various media. | various media. | ||
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| ab = Assessment is limited to algebraic relationships and describing those relationships qualitatively. | | ab = Assessment is limited to algebraic relationships and describing those relationships qualitatively. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == {{Assessmentheading}} == | ||
| + | {{assessmentmessage}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center" | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster | ||
| + | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | rowspan="8" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Physics Exam|June 2026 Physics Regents]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal|Kidney Stone Detection and Removal]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|Question 7]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal|Kidney Stone Detection and Removal]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q3|Question 8]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal|Kidney Stone Detection and Removal]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|Question 10]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Emission Spectra and Nuclear Fusion|Emission Spectra and Nuclear Fusion]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Emission Spectra and Nuclear Fusion#q2|Question 22]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Cell Phone|The Cell Phone]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|Question 26]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Flashlight Physics|Flashlight Physics]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Flashlight Physics#q2|Question 31]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software|Voice Recognition Software]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q3|Question 43]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software|Voice Recognition Software]] | ||
| + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q4|Question 44]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms from the [[Physics Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * air | ||
| + | * algebraic relationships | ||
| + | * amplitude | ||
| + | * boundary | ||
| + | * cause and correlation | ||
| + | * cause and effect | ||
| + | * claim | ||
| + | * design solution | ||
| + | * direction | ||
| + | * electromagnetic radiation | ||
| + | * empirical evidence | ||
| + | * energy | ||
| + | * energy transferred | ||
| + | * frequency | ||
| + | * glass | ||
| + | * index of refraction | ||
| + | * investigation | ||
| + | * longitudinal wave | ||
| + | * mathematical representation | ||
| + | * mechanical wave | ||
| + | * medium | ||
| + | * period | ||
| + | * phase | ||
| + | * photon | ||
| + | * reflected ray | ||
| + | * reflection | ||
| + | * refracted ray | ||
| + | * refraction | ||
| + | * ruler and protractor | ||
| + | * seismic wave | ||
| + | * sound wave | ||
| + | * speed | ||
| + | * speed of waves | ||
| + | * standing wave | ||
| + | * support (a claim) | ||
| + | * transverse wave | ||
| + | * type of wave | ||
| + | * vacuum | ||
| + | * water | ||
| + | * wave | ||
| + | * wavelength | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|absorb energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q4|baseline]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|edge artifact]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Flashlight Physics#q2|filament]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Emission Spectra and Nuclear Fusion#q2|hydrogen]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|image]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|inversely proportional]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|justification]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|laser]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|lens]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|light]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|optically denser]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|photon energy]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|refute]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q4|relative sound pressure]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q4|sampling time]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|sound]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|speed of light]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|speed of sound]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Flashlight Physics#q2|visible light]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q3|wave motion]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list"> | ||
| + | * law of reflection (angle of incidence equals angle of reflection) – implied by "construct the reflected and/or refracted ray(s)" | ||
| + | * Planck's constant – the [[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|June 2026 Kidney Stone Detection and Removal]] rubric uses ''E<sub>photon</sub>'' = ''hf'' with ''h'' = 6.63 × 10<sup>−34</sup> without naming the constant. | ||
| + | * Snell's law – implied by "determine the index of refraction" | ||
| + | </div> | ||
{{PerformanceLevel}} | {{PerformanceLevel}} | ||
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| Level5 = Plan and conduct an investigation and use mathematical representations to evaluate claims regarding the relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy in various media. | | Level5 = Plan and conduct an investigation and use mathematical representations to evaluate claims regarding the relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy in various media. | ||
| Level4 = Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in various media. | | Level4 = Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in various media. | ||
| + | | Example4 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q5|June 2026 · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:The Cell Phone#q2|June 2026 · Q26]]</span> | ||
| Level3 = Given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, determine the period, frequency, wavelength, or speed of a wave or electromagnetic radiation (photon) traveling and transferring energy in a medium, <b><u>or</u></b> use mathematical relationships and a ruler and protractor to construct the reflected and/or refracted ray(s) to show the direction of a wave as it hits a boundary, or determine the index of refraction. | | Level3 = Given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, determine the period, frequency, wavelength, or speed of a wave or electromagnetic radiation (photon) traveling and transferring energy in a medium, <b><u>or</u></b> use mathematical relationships and a ruler and protractor to construct the reflected and/or refracted ray(s) to show the direction of a wave as it hits a boundary, or determine the index of refraction. | ||
| + | | Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Emission Spectra and Nuclear Fusion#q2|June 2026 · Q22]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q2|June 2026 · Q7]]</span> | ||
| Level2 = Use words, diagrams, and/or graphs to represent the mathematical relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and/or speed of waves in a medium, <b><u>or</u></b> use mathematical relationships to determine the direction of a wave as the wave hits a boundary (reflection and/or refraction), <b><u>or</u></b> given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, compare the phase of points at positions on the wave or the relative amount of energy transferred due to amplitude or frequency, or determine the amount of energy transferred due to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation (photon). | | Level2 = Use words, diagrams, and/or graphs to represent the mathematical relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and/or speed of waves in a medium, <b><u>or</u></b> use mathematical relationships to determine the direction of a wave as the wave hits a boundary (reflection and/or refraction), <b><u>or</u></b> given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, compare the phase of points at positions on the wave or the relative amount of energy transferred due to amplitude or frequency, or determine the amount of energy transferred due to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation (photon). | ||
| + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q4|June 2026 · Q44]]</span> | ||
| Level1 = Draw a model of a wave with given characteristics or identify the characteristics of a given wave traveling and transferring energy in a medium (period, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, and/or type), <b><u>or</u></b> identify the change in characteristics of a wave as the wave hits a boundary. | | Level1 = Draw a model of a wave with given characteristics or identify the characteristics of a given wave traveling and transferring energy in a medium (period, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, and/or type), <b><u>or</u></b> identify the change in characteristics of a wave as the wave hits a boundary. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Flashlight Physics#q2|June 2026 · Q31]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Kidney Stone Detection and Removal#q3|June 2026 · Q8]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-phys">[[Questions:Voice Recognition Software#q3|June 2026 · Q43]]</span> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== {{Dimensionsheading}} == | == {{Dimensionsheading}} == | ||
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| TOPIC = HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation | | TOPIC = HS. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:47, 18 October 2026
Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in various media.
Clarification statement: Examples of data could include descriptions of waves classified as transverse, longitudinal, mechanical, or standing, electromagnetic radiation traveling in a vacuum and glass, sound waves traveling through air and water, seismic waves traveling through Earth, and direction of waves due to reflection and refraction.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to algebraic relationships and describing those relationships qualitatively.
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS4-1 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- air
- algebraic relationships
- amplitude
- boundary
- cause and correlation
- cause and effect
- claim
- design solution
- direction
- electromagnetic radiation
- empirical evidence
- energy
- energy transferred
- frequency
- glass
- index of refraction
- investigation
- longitudinal wave
- mathematical representation
- mechanical wave
- medium
- period
- phase
- photon
- reflected ray
- reflection
- refracted ray
- refraction
- ruler and protractor
- seismic wave
- sound wave
- speed
- speed of waves
- standing wave
- support (a claim)
- transverse wave
- type of wave
- vacuum
- water
- wave
- wavelength
From released exam questions
- absorb energy – June 2026
- baseline – June 2026
- edge artifact – June 2026
- filament – June 2026
- hydrogen – June 2026
- image – June 2026
- inversely proportional – June 2026
- justification – June 2026
- laser – June 2026
- lens – June 2026
- light – June 2026
- optically denser – June 2026
- photon energy – June 2026
- refute – June 2026
- relative sound pressure – June 2026
- sampling time – June 2026
- sound – June 2026
- speed of light – June 2026
- speed of sound – June 2026
- visible light – June 2026
- wave motion – June 2026
Implied by this standard
- law of reflection (angle of incidence equals angle of reflection) – implied by "construct the reflected and/or refracted ray(s)"
- Planck's constant – the June 2026 Kidney Stone Detection and Removal rubric uses Ephoton = hf with h = 6.63 × 10−34 without naming the constant.
- Snell's law – implied by "determine the index of refraction"
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS4-1 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Draw a model of a wave with given characteristics or identify the characteristics of a given wave traveling and transferring energy in a medium (period, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed, and/or type), or identify the change in characteristics of a wave as the wave hits a boundary. June 2026 · Q31 June 2026 · Q8 June 2026 · Q43
Level 2: Use words, diagrams, and/or graphs to represent the mathematical relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and/or speed of waves in a medium, or use mathematical relationships to determine the direction of a wave as the wave hits a boundary (reflection and/or refraction), or given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, compare the phase of points at positions on the wave or the relative amount of energy transferred due to amplitude or frequency, or determine the amount of energy transferred due to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation (photon). June 2026 · Q44
Level 3: Given data, model(s), and/or a mathematical representation, determine the period, frequency, wavelength, or speed of a wave or electromagnetic radiation (photon) traveling and transferring energy in a medium, or use mathematical relationships and a ruler and protractor to construct the reflected and/or refracted ray(s) to show the direction of a wave as it hits a boundary, or determine the index of refraction. June 2026 · Q22 June 2026 · Q7
Level 4: Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy (amplitude, frequency) in various media. June 2026 · Q10 June 2026 · Q26
Level 5: Plan and conduct an investigation and use mathematical representations to evaluate claims regarding the relationships among the period, frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling and transferring energy in various media.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS4-1.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS4-1 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
- Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS4.A: Wave Properties
- The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Cause and Effect
- Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman