Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS1-4"

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| ab = Mathematical representations for the gravitational attraction of bodies and Kepler’s Laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.
 
| ab = Mathematical representations for the gravitational attraction of bodies and Kepler’s Laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.
 
}}
 
}}
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== {{Referencetablesheading}} ==
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Relevant reference tables:
 +
*[[Solar System Objects Data Table| Solar System Objects Data Table]]
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 +
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== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
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{{assessmentmessage}}
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns|Cyclic Patterns]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|Question 3]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns|Cyclic Patterns]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|Question 4]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024|Full Supermoon Events in 2024]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q3|Question 40]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024|Full Supermoon Events in 2024]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|Question 41]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)|The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|Question 19]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Planetary Transits|Planetary Transits]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q2|Question 43]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Planetary Transits|Planetary Transits]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q5|Question 46]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="5" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto|The Moons of Pluto]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|Question 19]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto|The Moons of Pluto]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q2|Question 20]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu|Bennu]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu#q1|Question 33]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu|Bennu]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu#q3|Question 35]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu|Bennu]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Bennu#q4|Question 36]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2025]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe|Telescopes and the History of the Universe]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|Question 14]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe|Telescopes and the History of the Universe]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q5|Question 15]]
 +
|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Earth-Moon History|Earth-Moon History]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q2|Question 32]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Earth-Moon History|Earth-Moon History]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q4|Question 34]]
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|-
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| rowspan="3" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star|Our Sun – A Star]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|Question 3]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star|Our Sun – A Star]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q4|Question 4]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System|The Origin of Our Solar System]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q2|Question 27]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Sample clusters]] (Spring 2024)
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth|The Effect of The Moon on Earth]]
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth#q5|Question 5]]
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|}
  
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
 
{{PerformanceLevel}}
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}}
 
}}
  
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== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
+
== Vocabulary ==
−
Relevant reference tables: [[Solar System Objects Data Table| Solar System Objects Data Table]]
+
Terms from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
−
 
 
−
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
−
{{assessmentmessage}}
 
  
−
* [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth#q5|Effect of the Moon Q5]]
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
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* collision
 +
* computational representation
 +
* Earth
 +
* elliptical orbits
 +
* gravitational attraction
 +
* human-made satellites
 +
* Kepler's laws
 +
* moon
 +
* motion
 +
* Newtonian gravity
 +
* orbital motion
 +
* orbiting objects
 +
* planets
 +
* satellites
 +
* solar system
 +
* universe
 +
</div>
  
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<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|albedo]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q4|angular diameter]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|apogean spring tides]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q3|apogee]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|asteroids]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|atmosphere]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q5|brightness]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Bennu#q1|carbon]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|celestial bodies]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|dwarf planet]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Bennu#q1|Earth’s orbit]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q4|Aug 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|Earth’s rotation]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|eccentricity]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|eclipse]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|extrasolar planets]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|geologic history]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|gravitational field strength]] – Aug 2025
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|gravitational force]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q2|Jan 2026]]
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|growth lines]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Bennu#q1|ice]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|infrared radiation]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|kinetic impactor]] – Jan 2026
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* [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|mass]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025]]
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|model]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|June 2026]], [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|Jan 2026]], [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth#q5|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|neutron star]] – June 2026
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* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|new moon]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|ocean]] – Aug 2026
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* [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|orbital period]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|Aug 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|orbital speed]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q2|Jan 2026]], [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q5|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q3|orbital velocity]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|June 2026]], [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth#q5|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|perigean spring tides]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|period of revolution]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q2|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|radiation]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|Saros series]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|solar eclipse]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|stars]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q3|supermoon]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|tidal bulge]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|tidal friction]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|tides]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|total solar eclipse]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|trajectory]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q2|transit]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|universal gravitational constant]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|visible light]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Bennu#q3|Yarkovsky Effect]] – Jan 2026
 +
</div>
  
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==

Latest revision as of 19:17, 27 September 2026

← HS-ESS1-3
HS-ESS1-5 →

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on Newtonian gravitational laws governing orbital motions, which apply to human-made satellites as well as planets and moons.

Assessment boundary: Mathematical representations for the gravitational attraction of bodies and Kepler’s Laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Assessment

What assessment of HS-ESS1-4 might look like on a NY state exam.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Cyclic Patterns Question 3
Cyclic Patterns Question 4
Full Supermoon Events in 2024 Question 40
Full Supermoon Events in 2024 Question 41
June 2026 The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Question 19
Planetary Transits Question 43
Planetary Transits Question 46
January 2026 The Moons of Pluto Question 19
The Moons of Pluto Question 20
Bennu Question 33
Bennu Question 35
Bennu Question 36
August 2025 Telescopes and the History of the Universe Question 14
Telescopes and the History of the Universe Question 15
Earth-Moon History Question 32
Earth-Moon History Question 34
June 2025 Our Sun – A Star Question 3
Our Sun – A Star Question 4
The Origin of Our Solar System Question 27
Sample clusters (Spring 2024) The Effect of The Moon on Earth Question 5

Performance Level Descriptions

PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.

☐
Level 1: Using mathematical reasoning and given data, predict the motion of an orbiting object in the solar system.
☐
Level 2: Identify a correct mathematical or computational representation that describes and/or predicts the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
☐
Level 3: Use a mathematical or a computational representation(s) to describe the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
☐
Level 4: Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.
☐
Level 5: Use mathematical and computational analysis to predict the motions of orbiting bodies in the solar system and/or other parts of the universe.

Vocabulary

Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • collision
  • computational representation
  • Earth
  • elliptical orbits
  • gravitational attraction
  • human-made satellites
  • Kepler's laws
  • moon
  • motion
  • Newtonian gravity
  • orbital motion
  • orbiting objects
  • planets
  • satellites
  • solar system
  • universe
From released exam questions

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS1-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Using Mathematical and Computational Thinking
    • Use mathematical or computational representations of phenomena to describe explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System
    • Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects, including their elliptical paths around the sun. Orbits may change due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other objects in the solar system.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
    • Algebraic thinking is used to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth).
  • Interdependence of Science, Technology, and Engineering
    • Science and engineering complement each other in the cycle known as research and development (R&D). Many R&D projects may involve scientists, engineers, and others with wide ranges of expertise.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science | HS. Space Systems
Retrieved from "https://nyssls.info/index.php?title=HS-ESS1-4&oldid=5747"

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