Difference between revisions of "HS-PS2-4"
From NY Science Standards Wiki
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| + | Relevant reference tables: | ||
| + | *[[Motion and Forces#gravitation|Motion and Forces – ''F''<sub>g</sub> = ''Gm''<sub>1</sub>''m''<sub>2</sub>/''r''<sup>2</sup>]] | ||
| + | *[[Electricity#coulomb|Electricity – ''F''<sub>e</sub> = ''kq''<sub>1</sub>''q''<sub>2</sub>/''r''<sup>2</sup> and ''F''<sub>e</sub> = ''qE'']] | ||
| + | *[[List of Physical Constants#gravitational-constant|List of Physical Constants – ''G'', ''k'' and ''e'']] | ||
== {{Assessmentheading}} == | == {{Assessmentheading}} == | ||
Revision as of 16:33, 25 October 2026
Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on both quantitative and conceptual descriptions of gravitational and electric fields.
Assessment boundary: Assessment is limited to systems with two objects.
Reference Tables
Relevant reference tables:
- Motion and Forces – Fg = Gm1m2/r2
- Electricity – Fe = kq1q2/r2 and Fe = qE
- List of Physical Constants – G, k and e
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-PS2-4 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
| Exam | Cluster | Question |
|---|---|---|
| June 2026 Physics Regents | Flashlight Physics | Question 30 |
| Charged Drops | Question 46 | |
| Charged Drops | Question 47 | |
| Charged Drops | Question 49 |
Vocabulary
Terms from the Physics Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- changing magnetic field
- Coulomb's Law
- direction
- electric charge
- electric current
- electric field
- electrostatic force
- energy
- evidence
- field
- force
- forces at a distance
- gravitational field
- gravitational force
- interaction
- magnet
- magnetic field
- magnitude
- mathematical model
- mathematical representation
- Newton's Law of Gravitation
- Newton's law of universal gravitation
- object
- quantitative
- scale (of a model)
- system
- variable
From released exam questions
- attracted – June 2026
- charge – June 2026
- charge flow – June 2026
- charged parallel plates – June 2026
- computer simulation – June 2026
- direct current (DC) – June 2026
- electrical energy – June 2026
- electromagnetic radiation – June 2026
- electromagnetic spectrum – June 2026
- emitted radiation – June 2026
- filament – June 2026
- infrared – June 2026
- justification – June 2026
- mass – June 2026
- Millikan oil drop experiment – June 2026
- negatively charged – June 2026
- net electric field pattern – June 2026
- neutral – June 2026
- oppositely charged – June 2026
- positively charged – June 2026
- repelled – June 2026
- simulation – June 2026
- suspended motionless – June 2026
- ultraviolet – June 2026
- visible light – June 2026
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-PS2-4 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Given data, information, or a model, draw or identify the direction, with or without the magnitude, of the the gravitational force(s) or field, or electrostatic force(s) or field, or determine the magnitude of the gravitational force(s) or field, or electrostatic force(s) or field. June 2026 · Q47 June 2026 · Q30
Level 2: Given data and/or model(s), describe how factor(s) affect the gravitational or electrostatic force(s) acting on two objects, or describe how factor(s) affect the gravitational or electrostatic field between two objects. June 2026 · Q46
Level 3: Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulombs Law to describe and/or predict the gravitational force(s) or field, or electrostatic force(s) or field associated with an object or a system of two object, or describe and/or predict the magnitude of the factor(s) that result in the given forces or fields. June 2026 · Q49
Level 4: Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulombs Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.
Level 5: Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulombs Law to compare magnitudes and directions of the gravitational and electrostatic forces, and predict changes in those forces when more than one variable is changed.
Resources
Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-PS2-4.
This section could be expanded upon. You can help out by adding to this section.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-PS2-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
- Use mathematical representations of phenomena to describe explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- PS2.B: Types of Interactions
- Newton's law of universal gravitation and Coulomb's law provide the mathematical models to describe and predict the effects of gravitational and electrostatic forces between distant objects.
- Forces at a distance are explained by fields (gravitational, electric, magnetic) permeating space that can transfer energy through space. Magnets or electric currents cause magnetic fields; electric charges or changing magnetic fields cause electric fields.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Patterns
- Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena.
Page contributors: Caroline Leonard, Conrad Richman