Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS1-4"

From NY Science Standards Wiki
(PLDs: add example released question per level (editor judgment))
(PLD table: list all released questions at each level, matching the questions-by-performance-level pages)
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| Level5 = Use mathematical and computational analysis to predict the motions of orbiting bodies in the solar system and/or other parts of the universe.
 
| Level5 = Use mathematical and computational analysis to predict the motions of orbiting bodies in the solar system and/or other parts of the universe.
 
| Level4 = Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.
 
| Level4 = Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.
−
| Example4 = [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|August 2026 Question 41]]
+
| Example4 = [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q4|August 2026 Question 41]], [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q5|June 2026 Question 46]], [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q2|August 2025 Question 32]]
 
| Level3 = Use a mathematical or a computational representation(s) to describe the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
 
| Level3 = Use a mathematical or a computational representation(s) to describe the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
−
| Example3 = [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|January 2026 Question 19]]
+
| Example3 = [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q3|August 2026 Question 3]], [[Questions:Bennu#q3|January 2026 Question 35]], [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q1|January 2026 Question 19]], [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q4|August 2025 Question 14]]
 
| Level2 = Identify a correct mathematical or computational representation that describes and/or predicts the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
 
| Level2 = Identify a correct mathematical or computational representation that describes and/or predicts the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system.
−
| Example2 = [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q5|August 2025 Question 15]]
+
| Example2 = [[Questions:Bennu#q1|January 2026 Question 33]], [[Questions:Telescopes and the History of the Universe#q5|August 2025 Question 15]]
 
| Level1 = Using mathematical reasoning and given data, predict the motion of an orbiting object in the solar system.
 
| Level1 = Using mathematical reasoning and given data, predict the motion of an orbiting object in the solar system.
−
| Example1 = [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q4|June 2025 Question 4]]
+
| Example1 = [[Questions:Cyclic Patterns#q4|August 2026 Question 4]], [[Questions:Full Supermoon Events in 2024#q3|August 2026 Question 40]], [[Questions:Planetary Transits#q2|June 2026 Question 43]], [[Questions:The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)#q1|June 2026 Question 19]], [[Questions:Bennu#q4|January 2026 Question 36]], [[Questions:The Moons of Pluto#q2|January 2026 Question 20]], [[Questions:Earth-Moon History#q4|August 2025 Question 34]], [[Questions:ESS Effect of The Moon on Earth#q5|June 2025 Question 5]], [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q3|June 2025 Question 3]], [[Questions:Our Sun – A Star#q4|June 2025 Question 4]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q2|June 2025 Question 27]]
 
}}
 
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Revision as of 08:06, 18 October 2026

← HS-ESS1-3
HS-ESS1-5 →

Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on Newtonian gravitational laws governing orbital motions, which apply to human-made satellites as well as planets and moons.

Assessment boundary: Mathematical representations for the gravitational attraction of bodies and Kepler’s Laws of orbital motions should not deal with more than two bodies, nor involve calculus.

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS1-4 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Cyclic Patterns Question 3
Cyclic Patterns Question 4
Full Supermoon Events in 2024 Question 40
Full Supermoon Events in 2024 Question 41
June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Question 19
Planetary Transits Question 43
Planetary Transits Question 46
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Moons of Pluto Question 19
The Moons of Pluto Question 20
Bennu Question 33
Bennu Question 35
Bennu Question 36
August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Telescopes and the History of the Universe Question 14
Telescopes and the History of the Universe Question 15
Earth-Moon History Question 32
Earth-Moon History Question 34
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Our Sun – A Star Question 3
Our Sun – A Star Question 4
The Origin of Our Solar System Question 27
Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters (Spring 2024) The Effect of The Moon on Earth Question 5

Vocabulary

Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • collision
  • computational representation
  • Earth
  • elliptical orbits
  • gravitational attraction
  • human-made satellites
  • Kepler's laws
  • moon
  • motion
  • Newtonian gravity
  • orbital motion
  • orbiting objects
  • planets
  • satellites
  • solar system
  • universe
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS1-4 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Using mathematical reasoning and given data, predict the motion of an orbiting object in the solar system. August 2026 Question 4, August 2026 Question 40, June 2026 Question 43, June 2026 Question 19, January 2026 Question 36, January 2026 Question 20, August 2025 Question 34, June 2025 Question 5, June 2025 Question 3, June 2025 Question 4, June 2025 Question 27
Level 2: Identify a correct mathematical or computational representation that describes and/or predicts the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system. January 2026 Question 33, August 2025 Question 15
Level 3: Use a mathematical or a computational representation(s) to describe the motion of orbiting object(s) in the solar system. August 2026 Question 3, January 2026 Question 35, January 2026 Question 19, August 2025 Question 14
Level 4: Use mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system. August 2026 Question 41, June 2026 Question 46, August 2025 Question 32
Level 5: Use mathematical and computational analysis to predict the motions of orbiting bodies in the solar system and/or other parts of the universe.
Notice: PLD levels!

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS1-4 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Using Mathematical and Computational Thinking
    • Use mathematical or computational representations of phenomena to describe explanations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ESS1.B: Earth and the Solar System
    • Kepler’s laws describe common features of the motions of orbiting objects, including their elliptical paths around the sun. Orbits may change due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other objects in the solar system.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
    • Algebraic thinking is used to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. exponential growth).
  • Interdependence of Science, Technology, and Engineering
    • Science and engineering complement each other in the cycle known as research and development (R&D). Many R&D projects may involve scientists, engineers, and others with wide ranges of expertise.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science | HS. Space Systems
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