Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-1"
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| Level1 = Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) <b><u>or</u></b> to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. | | Level1 = Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) <b><u>or</u></b> to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Vocabulary == | ||
| + | Terms from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * coastal erosion | ||
| + | * constructive processes | ||
| + | * continental features | ||
| + | * crust | ||
| + | * deposition | ||
| + | * destructive processes | ||
| + | * Earth | ||
| + | * Earth materials | ||
| + | * Earth’s surface | ||
| + | * Earth’s systems | ||
| + | * erosion | ||
| + | * feedback | ||
| + | * geologic history | ||
| + | * internal and surface processes | ||
| + | * land features | ||
| + | * minerals | ||
| + | * model | ||
| + | * mountain | ||
| + | * ocean | ||
| + | * ocean-floor features | ||
| + | * plate movements | ||
| + | * plate tectonics | ||
| + | * plateaus | ||
| + | * ridges | ||
| + | * sea-floor features | ||
| + | * seamounts | ||
| + | * spatial scales | ||
| + | * subduction | ||
| + | * surface processes | ||
| + | * tectonic uplift | ||
| + | * temporal scales | ||
| + | * trenches | ||
| + | * unifying theory | ||
| + | * valleys | ||
| + | * volcanism | ||
| + | * weathering | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|accretion]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|active volcanoes]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|archipelago]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|asteroids]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|atmosphere]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|banded iron formations]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|barrier sand bar]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|basin]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|bedrock]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|black smokers]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|butte]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|canyon]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|chemical weathering]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|climate zone]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|collision]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|composition]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|continental crust]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|June 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|continental drift]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|continental shelf]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|crystallization]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|delta]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Earth’s interior]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|earthquakes]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|elements]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Equator]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Aug 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|eurypterid]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|extinct volcanoes]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|fault]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|felsic]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|flood basalts]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|flood plain]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|fossil forest]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|fossils]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|fresh water]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|geologic epoch]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|geologic processes]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|ghost forest]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|giant impact hypothesis]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|granitic plutons]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|impact craters]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|inlet]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|inner planets]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|intrusive igneous rock]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|iron]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Jan 2026]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|island arc]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|island chain]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|land plants]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lava]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lava flows]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|lithification]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lunar crust]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lunar highlands]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|mafic]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|magma]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|mantle]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|mantle convection]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mare]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|mechanical weathering]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mesa]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|metamorphism]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|meteorites]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|meteorologist]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|molten rock]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|moon]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|moon formation]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|moraine]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|motion]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mountain range]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Northern Hemisphere]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|ocean floor]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|oceanic crust]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|paleomap]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|peninsula]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|planetary body]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|plate interaction]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|plate tectonic movement]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|precipitate]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|proto-Earth]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|quarry]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|recrystallization]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|river]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|river valley]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|sea level]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Jan 2026]], [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|June 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|sea level rise]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|sea-floor spreading]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|sediment]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|shoreline]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|soil]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|stratosphere]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|subduction zone]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|subsidence]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|June 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|surface trench]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|tributary]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|tsunami deposits]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|volcanic activity]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|volcanic arc]] – June 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|volcanic eruptions]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|volcano]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|waterfall]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
== {{Dimensionsheading}} == | == {{Dimensionsheading}} == | ||
Revision as of 19:17, 27 September 2026
Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on how the appearance of land features (such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus) and sea-floor features (such as trenches, ridges, and seamounts) are a result of both constructive processes (such as volcanism, tectonic uplift, and deposition) and destructive processes (such as weathering, subduction, and coastal erosion).
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include recalling the details of the formation of specific geographic features of Earth’s surface.
Reference Tables
Relevant reference tables:
- Generalized Surface Bedrock Geology of New York State
- Geographic Province and Landscape Regions of New York State
- Generalized Cross Section Model of Earth's Surface and Interior
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-1 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-1 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) or to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
Level 2: Use a model to identify Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) that operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to identify an Earth surface or internal process that forms continental or oceanic floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
Level 3: Use a model to explain how Earth's internal and/or surface processes (constructive and/or destructive) operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
Level 4: Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Level 5: Develop a complex model which allows for manipulation and testing that demonstrates the relationships between Earth's internal and surface processes responsible for the formation of continental and ocean-floor features across varying spatial and temporal scales.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- coastal erosion
- constructive processes
- continental features
- crust
- deposition
- destructive processes
- Earth
- Earth materials
- Earth’s surface
- Earth’s systems
- erosion
- feedback
- geologic history
- internal and surface processes
- land features
- minerals
- model
- mountain
- ocean
- ocean-floor features
- plate movements
- plate tectonics
- plateaus
- ridges
- sea-floor features
- seamounts
- spatial scales
- subduction
- surface processes
- tectonic uplift
- temporal scales
- trenches
- unifying theory
- valleys
- volcanism
- weathering
From released exam questions
- accretion – Sample 2024
- active volcanoes – June 2025
- archipelago – Sample 2024
- asteroids – Sample 2024
- atmosphere – Jan 2026
- banded iron formations – Jan 2026
- barrier sand bar – Sample 2024
- basin – Aug 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- bedrock – June 2025
- black smokers – Jan 2026
- butte – Sample 2024
- canyon – Sample 2024
- chemical weathering – June 2026
- climate zone – Aug 2025
- collision – Sample 2024
- composition – Sample 2024
- continental crust – Aug 2025, June 2025
- continental drift – Sample 2024
- continental shelf – June 2026
- crystallization – June 2026
- delta – Sample 2024
- Earth’s interior – Sample 2024
- earthquakes – June 2025
- elements – June 2026
- Equator – Aug 2026, Aug 2025
- eurypterid – Aug 2025
- extinct volcanoes – June 2025
- fault – Aug 2025
- felsic – June 2026
- flood basalts – Sample 2024
- flood plain – Sample 2024
- fossil forest – Aug 2025
- fossils – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- fresh water – Aug 2025
- geologic epoch – Aug 2026
- geologic processes – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- ghost forest – June 2025
- giant impact hypothesis – Sample 2024
- granitic plutons – Aug 2025
- impact craters – June 2025, Sample 2024
- inlet – Sample 2024
- inner planets – Sample 2024
- intrusive igneous rock – Aug 2025
- iron – June 2026, Jan 2026
- island arc – June 2026
- island chain – Aug 2026, June 2025
- land plants – Aug 2025
- lava – Sample 2024
- lava flows – Sample 2024
- lithification – June 2026
- lunar crust – Sample 2024
- lunar highlands – Sample 2024
- mafic – June 2026
- magma – June 2025
- mantle – June 2025, Sample 2024
- mantle convection – Aug 2026
- mare – Sample 2024
- mechanical weathering – June 2026
- mesa – Sample 2024
- metamorphism – Aug 2025
- meteorites – June 2025
- meteorologist – Sample 2024
- molten rock – June 2025, Sample 2024
- moon – Sample 2024
- moon formation – Sample 2024
- moraine – Sample 2024
- motion – June 2026
- mountain range – Sample 2024
- Northern Hemisphere – Aug 2025
- ocean floor – Aug 2026
- oceanic crust – Aug 2025
- paleomap – Aug 2025
- peninsula – June 2025, Sample 2024
- planetary body – Sample 2024
- plate interaction – June 2026
- plate tectonic movement – June 2025
- precipitate – June 2026
- proto-Earth – Sample 2024
- quarry – Aug 2025
- recrystallization – June 2026
- river – Sample 2024
- river valley – Sample 2024
- sea level – Aug 2026, Jan 2026, June 2025
- sea level rise – June 2025
- sea-floor spreading – June 2025
- sediment – Jan 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- shoreline – June 2025
- soil – Jan 2026
- stratosphere – June 2026
- subduction zone – Aug 2025
- subsidence – June 2026, June 2025
- surface trench – Sample 2024
- tributary – Sample 2024
- tsunami deposits – Jan 2026
- volcanic activity – June 2025
- volcanic arc – June 2025
- volcanic eruptions – June 2026, June 2025
- volcano – June 2026, June 2025, Sample 2024
- waterfall – Sample 2024
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-ESS2-1 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Developing and using models: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- Earth materials and systems: Earth’s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.
- Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history.
- Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Stability and change: Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard