Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-3"
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| + | == {{Referencetablesheading}} == | ||
| + | Relevant reference tables: | ||
| + | *[[Model of Earth's Interior Structure| Model of Earth's Interior Structure]] | ||
| + | *[[Model of Bowen's Reaction Series| Model of Bowen's Reaction Series]] | ||
| + | *[[Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks| Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks]] | ||
| + | *[[Mineral Identification Flowchart| Mineral Identification Flowchart]] | ||
| + | |||
== {{Assessmentheading}} == | == {{Assessmentheading}} == | ||
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}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | == Vocabulary == |
| − | + | Terms from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it. | |
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;"> | ||
| + | * composition | ||
| + | * constraints | ||
| + | * convection currents | ||
| + | * crust | ||
| + | * cycling of matter | ||
| + | * deep probes | ||
| + | * density | ||
| + | * Earth | ||
| + | * Earth materials | ||
| + | * Earth’s formation | ||
| + | * Earth’s interior | ||
| + | * Earth’s layers | ||
| + | * Earth’s magnetic field | ||
| + | * Earth’s surface | ||
| + | * high-pressure laboratory experiments | ||
| + | * igneous rock | ||
| + | * inner core | ||
| + | * isotope | ||
| + | * mantle | ||
| + | * mantle convection | ||
| + | * metamorphic rock | ||
| + | * minerals | ||
| + | * model | ||
| + | * motion | ||
| + | * natural systems | ||
| + | * outer core | ||
| + | * outward flow of energy | ||
| + | * physical and chemical properties | ||
| + | * plate tectonics | ||
| + | * radial layers | ||
| + | * radioactive decay | ||
| + | * recycling | ||
| + | * recycling of Earth materials | ||
| + | * reflection | ||
| + | * residual heat | ||
| + | * rock cycle | ||
| + | * rock types | ||
| + | * sedimentary rock | ||
| + | * seismic waves | ||
| + | * surface processes | ||
| + | * thermal convection | ||
| + | * unstable isotopes | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div> | ||
| + | <div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;"> | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Mined and Mineral Resources of New York State#q1|abrasives]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|accretionary wedge]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|artificial impacts]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|asteroids]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|asthenosphere]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|atmosphere]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|basin]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|bedrock]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q3|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|burial]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|carbon]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|carbon dioxide]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|cementation]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|chemical weathering]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|collision]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|comets]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q4|compaction]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|compressional wave velocity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q1|continental crust]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|continental rift zone]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|convergent plate boundary]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q1|craton]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|crystallization]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q5|deposition]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|Aug 2025]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|divergent plate boundary]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|earthquakes]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|elements]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q5|erosion]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|fault]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q3|felsic]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q1|flood basalts]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|geothermal gradient]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|hot spot]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|igneous intrusions]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|intrusive igneous rock]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q3|iron]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|island arc]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q3|lava]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|lithosphere]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|lithospheric plates]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|lower mantle]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q3|mafic]] – Aug 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|magma]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q4|magma chamber]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|magnetic field reversal]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|magnetic minerals]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|magnetic polarity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q2|magnetism]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q1|mantle plume]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|metamorphism]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|meteorite impacts]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|mid-ocean ridges]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|moon]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|moonquake]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|mountain]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|mountain range]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|nested deep moonquakes]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Mined and Mineral Resources of New York State#q1|observations]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|ocean]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q3|ocean floor]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q5|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q3|oceanic crust]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|outgassing]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q3|partial melting]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|planetary body]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|planets]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|plate interaction]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|radioactive isotopes]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|rifting]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|rigid mantle]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|river]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|rock-forming minerals]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|sea-floor spreading]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q5|sediment]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|June 2026]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|sedimentation]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|seismic activity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q6|shallow moonquakes]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|shear wave velocity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|shield volcano]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|silicate weathering]] – June 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|soil]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q2|states of matter]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|stratovolcano]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Mined and Mineral Resources of New York State#q1|streak]] – Jan 2026 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|subducting plate]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q3|subduction]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|transform plate boundary]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|transition zone]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q4|trenches]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q1|upper mantle]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|velocity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q1|volcanic activity]] – Sample 2024 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q1|volcanism]] – Aug 2025 | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|volcano]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q3|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | * [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q2|weathering]] – June 2026, [[Questions:ESS Modeling of Earths Interior#q4|Sample 2024]] | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| − | + | <div class="vocab-subhead">Implied by this standard</div> | |
| + | <div class="vocab-list"> | ||
| + | * P-waves and S-waves – implied by "seismic waves" | ||
| + | </div> | ||
== {{Dimensionsheading}} == | == {{Dimensionsheading}} == | ||
Latest revision as of 19:17, 27 September 2026
Develop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on both a one-dimensional model of Earth, with radial layers determined by density, and a three- dimensional model, which is controlled by mantle convection and the resulting plate tectonics. Rocks and minerals can be identified and classified using various tests and protocols that determine their physical and chemical properties. Examples of evidence include maps of Earth’s three-dimensional structure obtained from seismic waves, records of the rate of change of Earth’s magnetic field (as constraints on convection in the outer core), and identification of the composition of Earth’s layers from high-pressure laboratory experiments.
Reference Tables
Relevant reference tables:
- Model of Earth's Interior Structure
- Model of Bowen's Reaction Series
- Mineral Composition of Igneous Rocks
- Mineral Identification Flowchart
Assessment
What assessment of HS-ESS2-3 might look like on a NY state exam.
Performance Level Descriptions
PLDs communicate the knowledge and skills expected of students to demonstrate proficiency in each Learning Standard. NYS assessments classify student performance into one of five levels.
☐
Level 1: Given a model of Earth’s interior, identify the evidence, from those provided, that shows the cycling of matter by thermal convection or given a model with evidence, identify a stage of recycling of Earth materials by surface processes or by convection currents in the mantle.
☐
Level 2: Given a model of Earth’s interior, identify the evidence that shows the cycling of matter by thermal convection or given a model with evidence, identify stages of recycling of Earth materials by surface processes or by convection currents in the mantle or identify a rock or mineral using evidence from a given a model of physical and chemical properties of rocks or minerals.
☐
Level 3: Given a model, describe the cycling of matter (e.g., minerals and rock cycle) by thermal convection based on evidence of Earth’s interior or given a model with evidence, describe stages of recycling of Earth materials by surface processes or by convection currents in the mantle or identify the location of the formation of rock types using evidence from a given model.
☐
Level 4: Develop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
☐
Level 5: Develop a complex model of Earth’s interior using multiple pieces of evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems and/or the components of a system in order to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- composition
- constraints
- convection currents
- crust
- cycling of matter
- deep probes
- density
- Earth
- Earth materials
- Earth’s formation
- Earth’s interior
- Earth’s layers
- Earth’s magnetic field
- Earth’s surface
- high-pressure laboratory experiments
- igneous rock
- inner core
- isotope
- mantle
- mantle convection
- metamorphic rock
- minerals
- model
- motion
- natural systems
- outer core
- outward flow of energy
- physical and chemical properties
- plate tectonics
- radial layers
- radioactive decay
- recycling
- recycling of Earth materials
- reflection
- residual heat
- rock cycle
- rock types
- sedimentary rock
- seismic waves
- surface processes
- thermal convection
- unstable isotopes
From released exam questions
- abrasives – Jan 2026
- accretionary wedge – June 2026
- artificial impacts – Sample 2024
- asteroids – Sample 2024
- asthenosphere – Sample 2024
- atmosphere – June 2026, Sample 2024
- basin – Aug 2025
- bedrock – June 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- burial – Sample 2024
- carbon – June 2026
- carbon dioxide – June 2026
- cementation – Sample 2024
- chemical weathering – June 2026
- collision – Sample 2024
- comets – Sample 2024
- compaction – June 2026, Sample 2024
- compressional wave velocity – Sample 2024
- continental crust – June 2026, Sample 2024
- continental rift zone – Sample 2024
- convergent plate boundary – Sample 2024
- craton – June 2026
- crystallization – Sample 2024
- deposition – Aug 2026, June 2026, Aug 2025
- divergent plate boundary – Sample 2024
- earthquakes – Sample 2024
- elements – Sample 2024
- erosion – Aug 2026, Sample 2024
- fault – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- felsic – Aug 2026
- flood basalts – June 2026
- geothermal gradient – Sample 2024
- hot spot – Sample 2024
- igneous intrusions – Aug 2025
- intrusive igneous rock – Aug 2025
- iron – Aug 2026, June 2026, Sample 2024
- island arc – Sample 2024
- lava – June 2026, Sample 2024
- lithosphere – June 2026, Sample 2024
- lithospheric plates – Sample 2024
- lower mantle – Sample 2024
- mafic – Aug 2026
- magma – June 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- magma chamber – June 2026
- magnetic field reversal – Sample 2024
- magnetic minerals – Sample 2024
- magnetic polarity – Sample 2024
- magnetism – Sample 2024
- mantle plume – June 2026
- metamorphism – Sample 2024
- meteorite impacts – Sample 2024
- mid-ocean ridges – Sample 2024
- moon – Sample 2024
- moonquake – Sample 2024
- mountain – Sample 2024
- mountain range – Sample 2024
- nested deep moonquakes – Sample 2024
- observations – Jan 2026
- ocean – June 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- ocean floor – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- oceanic crust – June 2026, Sample 2024
- outgassing – June 2026
- partial melting – June 2026
- planetary body – Sample 2024
- planets – Sample 2024
- plate interaction – Sample 2024
- radioactive isotopes – Sample 2024
- rifting – Sample 2024
- rigid mantle – Sample 2024
- river – June 2026
- rock-forming minerals – Sample 2024
- sea-floor spreading – Sample 2024
- sediment – Aug 2026, June 2026, Sample 2024
- sedimentation – Sample 2024
- seismic activity – Sample 2024
- shallow moonquakes – Sample 2024
- shear wave velocity – Sample 2024
- shield volcano – Sample 2024
- silicate weathering – June 2026
- soil – June 2026, Sample 2024
- states of matter – Sample 2024
- stratovolcano – Sample 2024
- streak – Jan 2026
- subducting plate – Sample 2024
- subduction – June 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- transform plate boundary – Sample 2024
- transition zone – Sample 2024
- trenches – Sample 2024
- upper mantle – June 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- velocity – Sample 2024
- volcanic activity – Sample 2024
- volcanism – Aug 2025
- volcano – June 2026, Sample 2024
- weathering – June 2026, Sample 2024
Implied by this standard
- P-waves and S-waves – implied by "seismic waves"
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-ESS2-3 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Developing and using models: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
- Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence: Science knowledge is based on empirical evidence.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- Earth materials and systems: Evidence from deep probes and seismic waves, reconstructions of historical changes in Earth’s surface and its magnetic field, and an understanding of physical and chemical processes lead to a model of Earth with a hot but solid inner core, a liquid outer core, a solid mantle and crust. Motions of the mantle and its plates occur primarily through thermal convection, which involves the cycling of matter due to the outward flow of energy from Earth’s interior and gravitational movement of denser materials toward the interior.
- Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions: Residual heat from Earth’s formation and the radioactive decay of unstable isotopes in Earth’s interior continually generate energy that is absorbed by Earth’s mantle and crust, driving mantle convection. Plate tectonics can be viewed as the surface expression of mantle convection.
- Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions: Minerals are the building blocks of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks and can be identified using physical and chemical characteristics. These rock types are evidence of stages of constant recycling of Earth material by surface processes and convection currents in the mantle.
- Wave properties: Geologists use seismic waves and their reflection at interfaces between layers to probe structures deep in the planet.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Energy and matter: Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems.
- Interdependence of science, technology, and engineering: Science and engineering complement each other in the cycle known as research and development (R&D). Many R&D projects may involve scientists, engineers, and others with wide ranges of expertise.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard