Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-1"
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{{Navlinks|HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2|← HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2 →}} | {{Navlinks|HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2|← HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2 →}} | ||
{{learningstandard | {{learningstandard | ||
| + | | topic = Earth's Surface Processes | ||
| ls = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and | | ls = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and | ||
temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features. | temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features. | ||
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! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question | ||
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| − | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026]] | + | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event|Chesapeake Bay Impact Event]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event|Chesapeake Bay Impact Event]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q3|Question 7]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q3|Question 7]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Question 35]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Question 35]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="6" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2026]] | + | | rowspan="6" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot|Iceland Hotspot]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot|Iceland Hotspot]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot#q2|Question 2]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot#q2|Question 2]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|Question 50]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|Question 50]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026]] | + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems|Evolution of Early Earth Systems]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems|Evolution of Early Earth Systems]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Question 13]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Question 13]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Question 25]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Question 25]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2025]] | + | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]] | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Question | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Question 28]] |
|- | |- | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]] | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|Question | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|Question 30]] |
|- | |- | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note|New York State Fossils of Note]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note|New York State Fossils of Note]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Question 44]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Question 44]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025]] | + | | rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System|The Origin of Our Solar System]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System|The Origin of Our Solar System]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|Question 29]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|Question 29]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|Question 39]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|Question 39]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands]] | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|Question 46]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|Question 46]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands]] | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands]] |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|Question 49]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|Question 49]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions| | + | | rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters]] (Fall 2024) |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon|Theia and the Moon]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon|Theia and the Moon]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Question 1]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Question 1]] | ||
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Question 4]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Question 4]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions| | + | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters]] (Spring 2024) |
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics|Plate Tectonics]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics|Plate Tectonics]] | ||
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|Question 1]] | | style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|Question 1]] | ||
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== Vocabulary == | == Vocabulary == | ||
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* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|waterfall]] – Sample 2024 | * [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|waterfall]] – Sample 2024 | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{PerformanceLevel}} | ||
| + | {{PLTable | ||
| + | | Level5 = Develop a complex model which allows for manipulation and testing that demonstrates the relationships between Earth's internal and surface processes responsible for the formation of continental and ocean-floor features across varying spatial and temporal scales. | ||
| + | | Level4 = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features. | ||
| + | | Level3 = Use a model to explain how Earth's internal and/or surface processes (constructive and/or destructive) operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. | ||
| + | | Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Aug 2026 · Q35]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|June 2025 · Q1]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|June 2025 · Q1]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|June 2025 · Q39]]</span> | ||
| + | | Level2 = Use a model to identify Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) that operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to identify an Earth surface or internal process that forms continental or oceanic floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. | ||
| + | | Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q1|Aug 2026 · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|Aug 2026 · Q11]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Iceland Hotspot#q2|June 2026 · Q2]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|June 2026 · Q35]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|June 2026 · Q38]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|June 2026 · Q24]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|June 2026 · Q50]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|June 2026 · Q12]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Jan 2026 · Q13]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|Aug 2025 · Q42]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Aug 2025 · Q44]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|Aug 2025 · Q30]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|June 2025 · Q49]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|June 2025 · Q29]]</span> | ||
| + | | Level1 = Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) <b><u>or</u></b> to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. | ||
| + | | Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q3|Aug 2026 · Q7]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Jan 2026 · Q25]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025 · Q28]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|June 2025 · Q4]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025 · Q46]]</span> | ||
| + | }} | ||
== {{Dimensionsheading}} == | == {{Dimensionsheading}} == | ||
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| TOPIC = HS. History of the Earth | | TOPIC = HS. History of the Earth | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:46, 18 October 2026
Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Clarification statement: Emphasis is on how the appearance of land features (such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus) and sea-floor features (such as trenches, ridges, and seamounts) are a result of both constructive processes (such as volcanism, tectonic uplift, and deposition) and destructive processes (such as weathering, subduction, and coastal erosion).
Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include recalling the details of the formation of specific geographic features of Earth’s surface.
Reference Tables
Relevant reference tables:
- Generalized Surface Bedrock Geology of New York State
- Geographic Province and Landscape Regions of New York State
- Generalized Cross Section Model of Earth's Surface and Interior
Regents Exam Questions
Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-1 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.
Vocabulary
Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
From this standard
- coastal erosion
- constructive processes
- continental features
- crust
- deposition
- destructive processes
- Earth
- Earth materials
- Earth’s surface
- Earth’s systems
- erosion
- feedback
- geologic history
- internal and surface processes
- land features
- minerals
- model
- mountain
- ocean
- ocean-floor features
- plate movements
- plate tectonics
- plateaus
- ridges
- sea-floor features
- seamounts
- spatial scales
- subduction
- surface processes
- tectonic uplift
- temporal scales
- trenches
- unifying theory
- valleys
- volcanism
- weathering
From released exam questions
- accretion – Sample 2024
- active volcanoes – June 2025
- archipelago – Sample 2024
- asteroids – Sample 2024
- atmosphere – Jan 2026
- banded iron formations – Jan 2026
- barrier sand bar – Sample 2024
- basin – Aug 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- bedrock – June 2025
- black smokers – Jan 2026
- butte – Sample 2024
- canyon – Sample 2024
- chemical weathering – June 2026
- climate zone – Aug 2025
- collision – Sample 2024
- composition – Sample 2024
- continental crust – Aug 2025, June 2025
- continental drift – Sample 2024
- continental shelf – June 2026
- crystallization – June 2026
- delta – Sample 2024
- Earth’s interior – Sample 2024
- earthquakes – June 2025
- elements – June 2026
- Equator – Aug 2026, Aug 2025
- eurypterid – Aug 2025
- extinct volcanoes – June 2025
- fault – Aug 2025
- felsic – June 2026
- flood basalts – Sample 2024
- flood plain – Sample 2024
- fossil forest – Aug 2025
- fossils – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- fresh water – Aug 2025
- geologic epoch – Aug 2026
- geologic processes – Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- ghost forest – June 2025
- giant impact hypothesis – Sample 2024
- granitic plutons – Aug 2025
- impact craters – June 2025, Sample 2024
- inlet – Sample 2024
- inner planets – Sample 2024
- intrusive igneous rock – Aug 2025
- iron – June 2026, Jan 2026
- island arc – June 2026
- island chain – Aug 2026, June 2025
- land plants – Aug 2025
- lava – Sample 2024
- lava flows – Sample 2024
- lithification – June 2026
- lunar crust – Sample 2024
- lunar highlands – Sample 2024
- mafic – June 2026
- magma – June 2025
- mantle – June 2025, Sample 2024
- mantle convection – Aug 2026
- mare – Sample 2024
- mechanical weathering – June 2026
- mesa – Sample 2024
- metamorphism – Aug 2025
- meteorites – June 2025
- meteorologist – Sample 2024
- molten rock – June 2025, Sample 2024
- moon – Sample 2024
- moon formation – Sample 2024
- moraine – Sample 2024
- motion – June 2026
- mountain range – Sample 2024
- Northern Hemisphere – Aug 2025
- ocean floor – Aug 2026
- oceanic crust – Aug 2025
- paleomap – Aug 2025
- peninsula – June 2025, Sample 2024
- planetary body – Sample 2024
- plate interaction – June 2026
- plate tectonic movement – June 2025
- precipitate – June 2026
- proto-Earth – Sample 2024
- quarry – Aug 2025
- recrystallization – June 2026
- river – Sample 2024
- river valley – Sample 2024
- sea level – Aug 2026, Jan 2026, June 2025
- sea level rise – June 2025
- sea-floor spreading – June 2025
- sediment – Jan 2026, Aug 2025, Sample 2024
- shoreline – June 2025
- soil – Jan 2026
- stratosphere – June 2026
- subduction zone – Aug 2025
- subsidence – June 2026, June 2025
- surface trench – Sample 2024
- tributary – Sample 2024
- tsunami deposits – Jan 2026
- volcanic activity – June 2025
- volcanic arc – June 2025
- volcanic eruptions – June 2026, June 2025
- volcano – June 2026, June 2025, Sample 2024
- waterfall – Sample 2024
Performance Level Descriptions
Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-1 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.
Level 1: Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) or to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q7 Jan 2026 · Q25 Aug 2025 · Q28 June 2025 · Q4 June 2025 · Q46
Level 2: Use a model to identify Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) that operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to identify an Earth surface or internal process that forms continental or oceanic floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q10 Aug 2026 · Q11 June 2026 · Q2 June 2026 · Q35 June 2026 · Q38 June 2026 · Q24 June 2026 · Q50 June 2026 · Q12 Jan 2026 · Q13 Aug 2025 · Q42 Aug 2025 · Q44 Aug 2025 · Q30 June 2025 · Q49 June 2025 · Q29
Level 3: Use a model to explain how Earth's internal and/or surface processes (constructive and/or destructive) operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q35 June 2025 · Q1 June 2025 · Q1 June 2025 · Q39
Level 4: Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Level 5: Develop a complex model which allows for manipulation and testing that demonstrates the relationships between Earth's internal and surface processes responsible for the formation of continental and ocean-floor features across varying spatial and temporal scales.
NGSS Dimensions
Performance expectation HS-ESS2-1 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:
Science and Engineering Practices
- Developing and using models: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
- Earth materials and systems: Earth’s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.
- Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history.
- Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
Crosscutting Concepts
- Stability and change: Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard