Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-7"

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{{Navlinks|HS-ESS2-6|HS-ESS2-4|← HS-ESS2-6 {{Disc|ESS}}|HS-ESS2-4 {{Disc|ESS}} →|HS-ESS2-6||← HS-ESS2-6 {{Disc|Bio}}|}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
{{learningstandard
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| topic = Coevolution of Earth and Life
 
| ls = Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| ls = Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| cs = Emphasis is on the dynamic causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth’s other systems, whereby geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth’s surface. Examples include how the outgassing of water from Earth’s interior caused the development of Earth’s early oceans leading to the evolution of microorganisms and stromatolites; how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which in turn increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil, which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants; or how the evolution of corals created reefs that altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of new life forms.
 
| cs = Emphasis is on the dynamic causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth’s other systems, whereby geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth’s surface. Examples include how the outgassing of water from Earth’s interior caused the development of Earth’s early oceans leading to the evolution of microorganisms and stromatolites; how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which in turn increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil, which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants; or how the evolution of corals created reefs that altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of new life forms.
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''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms related to carbon cycling and feedback mechanisms related to co-evolution". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms along with feedback mechanisms" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).''
 
''Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms related to carbon cycling and feedback mechanisms related to co-evolution". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms along with feedback mechanisms" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).''
  
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== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
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== {{Referencetablesheading}} ==
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{{resourcesmessage}}
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Relevant reference tables:
 +
*[[Geologic History of New York State| Geologic History of New York State]]
  
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{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
 
  
 
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
{{assessmentmessage}}
 
{{assessmentmessage}}
  
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<span class="disc-label disc-label-bio">Biology</span>
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|August 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem|The Permafrost Problem]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|Question 47]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Life Science: Biology Exam|June 2026 Biology Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind|Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|Question 25]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Biology Sample Questions|Biology sample clusters]] (Fall 2024)
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster|Old Forest]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|Question 3]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<span class="disc-label disc-label-ess">Earth & Space Science</span>
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region|The Aral Sea Region]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|Question 28]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems|Evolution of Early Earth Systems]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|Question 10]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period|The Carboniferous Period]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|Question 46]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period|The Carboniferous Period]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|Question 48]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period|The Carboniferous Period]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q4|Question 49]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?|How Did Earth Get Its Water?]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|Question 22]]
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|-
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| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?|How Did Earth Get Its Water?]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|Question 23]]
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|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System|The Origin of Our Solar System]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|Question 30]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Vocabulary ==
 +
Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Biology terms are from the [[Biology Glossary]]; Earth & Space Science terms are from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]].
 +
 
 +
<span class="disc-label disc-label-bio">Biology</span>
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* argument
 +
* atmosphere
 +
* biosphere
 +
* carbon
 +
* climate
 +
* coevolution
 +
* constraint
 +
* erosion
 +
* evolution
 +
* feedback mechanism
 +
* habitat
 +
* microorganism
 +
* ocean
 +
* oxygen
 +
* soil
 +
* stability and change
 +
* stromatolite
 +
* weathering
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|amphibian]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|Carboniferous period]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|competition]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|cycling of carbon]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|Devonian period]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|ecosystem]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|negative feedback]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|nitrogen]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|organic matter]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|permafrost]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|photosynthesis]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|positive feedback]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|respiration]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|root]] – Aug 2026
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<span class="disc-label disc-label-ess">Earth & Space Science</span>
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* argument
 +
* atmosphere
 +
* biogeology
 +
* biosphere
 +
* biosphere feedback
 +
* carbon
 +
* carbon dioxide
 +
* coevolution
 +
* constraints
 +
* coral reefs
 +
* deposition
 +
* dynamic causes and effects
 +
* Earth
 +
* Earth’s early oceans
 +
* Earth’s interior
 +
* Earth’s surface
 +
* Earth’s systems
 +
* erosion
 +
* evolution of life
 +
* feedback
 +
* geoscience factors
 +
* habitats
 +
* land plants
 +
* microbial life
 +
* microorganisms
 +
* ocean
 +
* outgassing
 +
* oxygen
 +
* oxygen production
 +
* photosynthetic life
 +
* reefs
 +
* soil
 +
* soil formation
 +
* stromatolites
 +
* weathering rates
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|algae]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|atmospheric oxygen]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|bacteria]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|biodiversity]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|climate change]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|coal]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q4|cryosphere]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|cyanobacteria]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|deforestation]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|fossils]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|glaciation]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|gravitational force]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|helium]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|hydrogen]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q4|hydrosphere]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|ice]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|iron]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|irrigation]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|lakes]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|mantle]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|methane]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|model]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|molten rock]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|Pangea]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|photosynthesis]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|reflection]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|respiration]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|river]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|salinity]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|sea level]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|Jan 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|supercontinent]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|transpiration]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|volcanic eruptions]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|volcano]] – Aug 2025
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
{{PerformanceLevel}}
 +
{{PLTable
 +
| Level5 = Compare and evaluate competing scientifically-based arguments in light of currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations, constraints, and ethical issues about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 +
| Level4 = Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 +
| Example4 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|Aug 2026 ESS · Q28]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|Jan 2026 ESS · Q48]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|Aug 2025 ESS · Q23]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|June 2025 ESS · Q30]]</span>
 +
| Level3 = Support a given argument by describing the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 +
| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|June 2026 Bio · Q3]]</span>
 +
| Level2 = Support a given argument by identifying the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 +
| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|Aug 2026 Bio · Q47]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-bio">[[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|June 2026 Bio · Q25]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q4|Jan 2026 ESS · Q49]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|Aug 2025 ESS · Q22]]</span>
 +
| Level1 = Identify the correct example, from those provided, of the coevolution of two Earth’s systems and the effect on life on Earth.
 +
| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|Jan 2026 ESS · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|Jan 2026 ESS · Q46]]</span>
 +
}}
  
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
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{{Dimensionstable
 
{{Dimensionstable
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| SEP1 =  
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| SEP1 = Engaging in Argument from Evidence
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| DCI1 =  
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* Construct an oral and written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence.
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| CC1 =  
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| DCI1 = ESS2.D: Weather and Climate
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* Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.
 +
| DCI2 = ESS2.E: Biogeology
 +
* The many dynamic and delicate feedbacks between the biosphere and other Earth systems cause a continual co-evolution of Earth's surface and the life that exists on it.
 +
| CC1 = Stability and Change
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* Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
 
}}
 
}}
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Latest revision as of 11:22, 18 October 2026

← HS-ESS2-6 ESS
HS-ESS2-4 ESS →
← HS-ESS2-6 Bio

Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the dynamic causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth’s other systems, whereby geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth’s surface. Examples include how the outgassing of water from Earth’s interior caused the development of Earth’s early oceans leading to the evolution of microorganisms and stromatolites; how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which in turn increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil, which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants; or how the evolution of corals created reefs that altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of new life forms.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of how the biosphere interacts with all of Earth’s other systems.

Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms related to carbon cycling and feedback mechanisms related to co-evolution". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms along with feedback mechanisms" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-7 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Biology

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents The Permafrost Problem Question 47
June 2026 Biology Regents Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind Question 25
Biology sample clusters (Fall 2024) Old Forest Question 3

Earth & Space Science

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Aral Sea Region Question 28
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Evolution of Early Earth Systems Question 10
The Carboniferous Period Question 46
The Carboniferous Period Question 48
The Carboniferous Period Question 49
August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents How Did Earth Get Its Water? Question 22
How Did Earth Get Its Water? Question 23
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Origin of Our Solar System Question 30

Vocabulary

Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Biology terms are from the Biology Glossary; Earth & Space Science terms are from the Earth & Space Science Glossary.

Biology

From this standard
  • argument
  • atmosphere
  • biosphere
  • carbon
  • climate
  • coevolution
  • constraint
  • erosion
  • evolution
  • feedback mechanism
  • habitat
  • microorganism
  • ocean
  • oxygen
  • soil
  • stability and change
  • stromatolite
  • weathering
From released exam questions

Earth & Space Science

From this standard
  • argument
  • atmosphere
  • biogeology
  • biosphere
  • biosphere feedback
  • carbon
  • carbon dioxide
  • coevolution
  • constraints
  • coral reefs
  • deposition
  • dynamic causes and effects
  • Earth
  • Earth’s early oceans
  • Earth’s interior
  • Earth’s surface
  • Earth’s systems
  • erosion
  • evolution of life
  • feedback
  • geoscience factors
  • habitats
  • land plants
  • microbial life
  • microorganisms
  • ocean
  • outgassing
  • oxygen
  • oxygen production
  • photosynthetic life
  • reefs
  • soil
  • soil formation
  • stromatolites
  • weathering rates
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-7 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Identify the correct example, from those provided, of the coevolution of two Earth’s systems and the effect on life on Earth. Jan 2026 ESS · Q10 Jan 2026 ESS · Q46
Level 2: Support a given argument by identifying the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth. Aug 2026 Bio · Q47 June 2026 Bio · Q25 Jan 2026 ESS · Q49 Aug 2025 ESS · Q22
Level 3: Support a given argument by describing the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth. June 2026 Bio · Q3
Level 4: Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth. Aug 2026 ESS · Q28 Jan 2026 ESS · Q48 Aug 2025 ESS · Q23 June 2025 ESS · Q30
Level 5: Compare and evaluate competing scientifically-based arguments in light of currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations, constraints, and ethical issues about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
Notice: PLD levels!

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS2-7 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Engaging in Argument from Evidence
    • Construct an oral and written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ESS2.D: Weather and Climate
    • Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.
  • ESS2.E: Biogeology
    • The many dynamic and delicate feedbacks between the biosphere and other Earth systems cause a continual co-evolution of Earth's surface and the life that exists on it.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Stability and Change
    • Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science and Biology | HS. Earth's Systems
Retrieved from "https://nyssls.info/index.php?title=HS-ESS2-7&oldid=7281"

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