Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-1"

From NY Science Standards Wiki
(PLD table: tag each question chip with its exam discipline for color coding)
 
(19 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
{{Navlinks|HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2|← HS-ESS1-7|HS-ESS2-2 →}}
 
{{learningstandard
 
{{learningstandard
 +
| topic = Earth's Surface Processes
 
| ls = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and
 
| ls = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and
 
temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
 
temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Line 6: Line 8:
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
== {{Resourcesheading}} ==
+
== {{Referencetablesheading}} ==
−
{{resourcesmessage}}
+
Relevant reference tables:
 +
*[[Generalized Surface Bedrock Geology of New York State| Generalized Surface Bedrock Geology of New York State]]
 +
*[[Geographic Province and Landscape Regions of New York State| Geographic Province and Landscape Regions of New York State]]
 +
*[[Generalized Cross Section Model of Earth's Surface and Interior| Generalized Cross Section Model of Earth's Surface and Interior]]
  
−
{{expandthissection}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
 
  
 
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
== {{Assessmentheading}} ==
 
{{assessmentmessage}}
 
{{assessmentmessage}}
  
−
{{expandthissection2}} <!-- Remove this after this section has been expanded upon -->
+
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center"
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Exam
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Cluster
 +
! style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;" | Question
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event|Chesapeake Bay Impact Event]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q3|Question 7]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot|Canary Islands Hotspot]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q1|Question 10]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot|Canary Islands Hotspot]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|Question 11]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Gulf|The Gulf]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Question 35]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="6" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot|Iceland Hotspot]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Iceland Hotspot#q2|Question 2]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle|The Slow Carbon Cycle]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|Question 12]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems|The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|Question 24]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Lake Nyos|Lake Nyos]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|Question 35]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific|The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|Question 38]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Siberian Traps|The Siberian Traps]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|Question 50]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[January 2026 Earth and Space Science Exam|January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems|Evolution of Early Earth Systems]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Question 13]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Doggerland|Doggerland]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Question 25]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[August 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Question 28]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex|Northern New York's Pyrites Complex]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|Question 30]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note|New York State Fossils of Note]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|Question 42]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note|New York State Fossils of Note]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Question 44]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="4" style="background-color:white;" | [[June 2025 Earth and Space Science Exam|June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System|The Origin of Our Solar System]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|Question 29]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ghost Forests|Ghost Forests]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|Question 39]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|Question 46]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands|Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|Question 49]]
 +
|-
 +
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters]] (Fall 2024)
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon|Theia and the Moon]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Question 1]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon|Theia and the Moon]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Question 4]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Earth and Space Science Sample Questions|Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters]] (Spring 2024)
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics|Plate Tectonics]]
 +
| style="background-color:white;" | [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|Question 1]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Vocabulary ==
 +
Terms from the [[Earth & Space Science Glossary]] that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.
 +
 
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From this standard</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:14em;">
 +
* coastal erosion
 +
* constructive processes
 +
* continental features
 +
* crust
 +
* deposition
 +
* destructive processes
 +
* Earth
 +
* Earth materials
 +
* Earth’s surface
 +
* Earth’s systems
 +
* erosion
 +
* feedback
 +
* geologic history
 +
* internal and surface processes
 +
* land features
 +
* minerals
 +
* model
 +
* mountain
 +
* ocean
 +
* ocean-floor features
 +
* plate movements
 +
* plate tectonics
 +
* plateaus
 +
* ridges
 +
* sea-floor features
 +
* seamounts
 +
* spatial scales
 +
* subduction
 +
* surface processes
 +
* tectonic uplift
 +
* temporal scales
 +
* trenches
 +
* unifying theory
 +
* valleys
 +
* volcanism
 +
* weathering
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<div class="vocab-subhead">From released exam questions</div>
 +
<div class="vocab-list" style="column-width:20em;">
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|accretion]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|active volcanoes]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|archipelago]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|asteroids]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|atmosphere]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|banded iron formations]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|barrier sand bar]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|basin]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|bedrock]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|black smokers]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|butte]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|canyon]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|chemical weathering]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|climate zone]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|collision]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|composition]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|continental crust]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|continental drift]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|continental shelf]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|crystallization]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|delta]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Earth’s interior]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|earthquakes]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|elements]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Equator]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Aug 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|eurypterid]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|extinct volcanoes]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|fault]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|felsic]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|flood basalts]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|flood plain]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|fossil forest]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|fossils]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|fresh water]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|geologic epoch]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|geologic processes]] – Aug 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|ghost forest]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|giant impact hypothesis]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|granitic plutons]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|impact craters]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|inlet]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|inner planets]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|intrusive igneous rock]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|iron]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Jan 2026]]
 +
* [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|island arc]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|island chain]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|land plants]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lava]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lava flows]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|lithification]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lunar crust]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|lunar highlands]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|mafic]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|magma]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|mantle]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|mantle convection]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mare]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|mechanical weathering]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mesa]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|metamorphism]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|meteorites]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|meteorologist]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|molten rock]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|moon]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|moon formation]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|moraine]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|motion]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|mountain range]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Northern Hemisphere]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Gulf#q3|ocean floor]] – Aug 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|oceanic crust]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|paleomap]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|peninsula]] – June 2025, [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|planetary body]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|plate interaction]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|plate tectonic movement]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|precipitate]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|proto-Earth]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|quarry]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|recrystallization]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|river]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|river valley]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|sea level]] – Aug 2026, [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Jan 2026]], [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|sea level rise]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|sea-floor spreading]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|sediment]] – Jan 2026, [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|shoreline]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|soil]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|stratosphere]] – June 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|subduction zone]] – Aug 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|subsidence]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|surface trench]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|tributary]] – Sample 2024
 +
* [[Questions:Doggerland#q2|tsunami deposits]] – Jan 2026
 +
* [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|volcanic activity]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|volcanic arc]] – June 2025
 +
* [[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|volcanic eruptions]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]]
 +
* [[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|volcano]] – June 2026, [[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025]], [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|Sample 2024]]
 +
* [[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|waterfall]] – Sample 2024
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
{{PerformanceLevel}}
 +
{{PLTable
 +
| Level5 = Develop a complex model which allows for manipulation and testing that demonstrates the relationships between Earth's internal and surface processes responsible for the formation of continental and ocean-floor features across varying spatial and temporal scales.
 +
| Level4 = Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
 +
| Level3 = Use a model to explain how Earth's internal and/or surface processes (constructive and/or destructive) operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
 +
| Example3 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Gulf#q3|Aug 2026 · Q35]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Plate Tectonics#q1|June 2025 · Q1]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q1|June 2025 · Q1]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Ghost Forests#q4|June 2025 · Q39]]</span>
 +
| Level2 = Use a model to identify Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) that operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to identify an Earth surface or internal process that forms continental or oceanic floor features <b><u>or</u></b> to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
 +
| Example2 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q1|Aug 2026 · Q10]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Canary Islands Hotspot#q2|Aug 2026 · Q11]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Iceland Hotspot#q2|June 2026 · Q2]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Lake Nyos#q4|June 2026 · Q35]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific#q2|June 2026 · Q38]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems#q1|June 2026 · Q24]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Siberian Traps#q4|June 2026 · Q50]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Slow Carbon Cycle#q4|June 2026 · Q12]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q4|Jan 2026 · Q13]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q2|Aug 2025 · Q42]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:New York State Fossils of Note#q4|Aug 2025 · Q44]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q4|Aug 2025 · Q30]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q4|June 2025 · Q49]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q4|June 2025 · Q29]]</span>
 +
| Level1 = Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) <b><u>or</u></b> to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust.
 +
| Example1 = <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Chesapeake Bay Impact Event#q3|Aug 2026 · Q7]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Doggerland#q2|Jan 2026 · Q25]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Northern New York's Pyrites Complex#q2|Aug 2025 · Q28]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:ESS Theia and the Moon#q4|June 2025 · Q4]]</span> <span class="pld-chip pld-chip-ess">[[Questions:Tectonics of Hawaiian Islands#q1|June 2025 · Q46]]</span>
 +
}}
  
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
 
== {{Dimensionsheading}} ==
Line 20: Line 262:
  
 
{{Dimensionstable
 
{{Dimensionstable
−
| SEP1 =  
+
| SEP1 = Developing and using models: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
−
| DCI1 =  
+
| DCI1 = Earth materials and systems: Earth’s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.
−
| CC1 =  
+
| DCI2 = Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history.
 +
| DCI3 = Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
 +
| CC1 = Stability and change: Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.
 
}}
 
}}
 
<!--
 
<!--

Latest revision as of 09:46, 18 October 2026

← HS-ESS1-7
HS-ESS2-2 →

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth’s internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on how the appearance of land features (such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus) and sea-floor features (such as trenches, ridges, and seamounts) are a result of both constructive processes (such as volcanism, tectonic uplift, and deposition) and destructive processes (such as weathering, subduction, and coastal erosion).

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include recalling the details of the formation of specific geographic features of Earth’s surface.

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-1 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Chesapeake Bay Impact Event Question 7
Canary Islands Hotspot Question 10
Canary Islands Hotspot Question 11
The Gulf Question 35
June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Iceland Hotspot Question 2
The Slow Carbon Cycle Question 12
The Influence of Volcanoes on Earth’s Systems Question 24
Lake Nyos Question 35
The Complex Tectonics of the Western Pacific Question 38
The Siberian Traps Question 50
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Evolution of Early Earth Systems Question 13
Doggerland Question 25
August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Northern New York's Pyrites Complex Question 28
Northern New York's Pyrites Complex Question 30
New York State Fossils of Note Question 42
New York State Fossils of Note Question 44
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Origin of Our Solar System Question 29
Ghost Forests Question 39
Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands Question 46
Tectonics of the Hawaiian Islands Question 49
Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters (Fall 2024) Theia and the Moon Question 1
Theia and the Moon Question 4
Earth and Space Sciences sample clusters (Spring 2024) Plate Tectonics Question 1

Vocabulary

Terms from the Earth & Space Science Glossary that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it.

From this standard
  • coastal erosion
  • constructive processes
  • continental features
  • crust
  • deposition
  • destructive processes
  • Earth
  • Earth materials
  • Earth’s surface
  • Earth’s systems
  • erosion
  • feedback
  • geologic history
  • internal and surface processes
  • land features
  • minerals
  • model
  • mountain
  • ocean
  • ocean-floor features
  • plate movements
  • plate tectonics
  • plateaus
  • ridges
  • sea-floor features
  • seamounts
  • spatial scales
  • subduction
  • surface processes
  • tectonic uplift
  • temporal scales
  • trenches
  • unifying theory
  • valleys
  • volcanism
  • weathering
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-1 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Use a model to determine whether a continental or ocean-floor feature results from Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) or to identify the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q7 Jan 2026 · Q25 Aug 2025 · Q28 June 2025 · Q4 June 2025 · Q46
Level 2: Use a model to identify Earth's internal and/or surface process(es) (constructive and/or destructive) that operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to identify an Earth surface or internal process that forms continental or oceanic floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q10 Aug 2026 · Q11 June 2026 · Q2 June 2026 · Q35 June 2026 · Q38 June 2026 · Q24 June 2026 · Q50 June 2026 · Q12 Jan 2026 · Q13 Aug 2025 · Q42 Aug 2025 · Q44 Aug 2025 · Q30 June 2025 · Q49 June 2025 · Q29
Level 3: Use a model to explain how Earth's internal and/or surface processes (constructive and/or destructive) operate at different spatial or temporal scales to form continental and/or ocean-floor features or to explain the distribution of rocks and/or minerals within Earth's crust. Aug 2026 · Q35 June 2025 · Q1 June 2025 · Q1 June 2025 · Q39
Level 4: Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different spatial and temporal scales to form continental and ocean-floor features.
Level 5: Develop a complex model which allows for manipulation and testing that demonstrates the relationships between Earth's internal and surface processes responsible for the formation of continental and ocean-floor features across varying spatial and temporal scales.
Notice: PLD levels!

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS2-1 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Developing and using models: Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • Earth materials and systems: Earth’s systems, being dynamic and interacting, cause feedback effects that can increase or decrease the original changes.
  • Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate tectonics is the unifying theory that explains the past and current movements of the rocks at Earth’s surface and provides a framework for understanding its geologic history.
  • Plate tectonics and large-scale system interactions: Plate movements are responsible for most continental and ocean-floor features and for the distribution of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Stability and change: Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. Some system changes are irreversible.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science | HS. History of the Earth
Retrieved from "https://nyssls.info/index.php?title=HS-ESS2-1&oldid=7206"

About Us • Privacy Policy • Contact Us • Terms of Use