Difference between revisions of "HS-ESS2-7"

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(PLDs: add example released question per level (editor judgment))
(PLD table: list all released questions at each level, matching the questions-by-performance-level pages)
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| Level5 = Compare and evaluate competing scientifically-based arguments in light of currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations, constraints, and ethical issues about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Level5 = Compare and evaluate competing scientifically-based arguments in light of currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations, constraints, and ethical issues about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Level4 = Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Level4 = Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
−
| Example4 = [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|August 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 23]]
+
| Example4 = [[Questions:The Aral Sea Region#q1|August 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 28]], [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q3|January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 48]], [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q3|August 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 23]], [[Questions:The Origin of Our Solar System#q5|June 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 30]]
 
| Level3 = Support a given argument by describing the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Level3 = Support a given argument by describing the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Example3 = [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|June 2026 Biology Question 3]]
 
| Example3 = [[Questions:Old Forest Sample Cluster#q3|June 2026 Biology Question 3]]
 
| Level2 = Support a given argument by identifying the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
 
| Level2 = Support a given argument by identifying the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
−
| Example2 = [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|June 2026 Biology Question 25]]
+
| Example2 = [[Questions:The Permafrost Problem#q3|August 2026 Biology Question 47]], [[Questions:Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind#q3|June 2026 Biology Question 25]], [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q4|January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 49]], [[Questions:How Did Earth Get Its Water?#q2|August 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 22]]
 
| Level1 = Identify the correct example, from those provided, of the coevolution of two Earth’s systems and the effect on life on Earth.
 
| Level1 = Identify the correct example, from those provided, of the coevolution of two Earth’s systems and the effect on life on Earth.
−
| Example1 = [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 46]]
+
| Example1 = [[Questions:Evolution of Early Earth Systems#q1|January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 10]], [[Questions:The Carboniferous Period#q1|January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 46]]
 
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Revision as of 08:05, 18 October 2026

← HS-ESS2-6 (ESS)
HS-ESS2-4 (ESS) →
← HS-ESS2-6 (Bio)

Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.

Clarification statement: Emphasis is on the dynamic causes, effects, and feedbacks between the biosphere and Earth’s other systems, whereby geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth’s surface. Examples include how the outgassing of water from Earth’s interior caused the development of Earth’s early oceans leading to the evolution of microorganisms and stromatolites; how photosynthetic life altered the atmosphere through the production of oxygen, which in turn increased weathering rates and allowed for the evolution of animal life; how microbial life on land increased the formation of soil, which in turn allowed for the evolution of land plants; or how the evolution of corals created reefs that altered patterns of erosion and deposition along coastlines and provided habitats for the evolution of new life forms.

Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of how the biosphere interacts with all of Earth’s other systems.

Note: this is a performance expectation for both HS Earth & Space Science and HS Biology. For biology, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms related to carbon cycling and feedback mechanisms related to co-evolution". For Earth & Space Science, the focus is on "changes in the atmosphere from plants and other organisms along with feedback mechanisms" (as per the NYSED high school course maps).

Reference Tables

Relevant reference tables:


Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ESS2-7 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Biology

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents The Permafrost Problem Question 47
June 2026 Biology Regents Fossil Fuels: Out of Sight, but Not Out of Mind Question 25
Biology sample clusters (Fall 2024) Old Forest Question 3

Earth & Space Science

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Aral Sea Region Question 28
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Evolution of Early Earth Systems Question 10
The Carboniferous Period Question 46
The Carboniferous Period Question 48
The Carboniferous Period Question 49
August 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents How Did Earth Get Its Water? Question 22
How Did Earth Get Its Water? Question 23
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Origin of Our Solar System Question 30

Vocabulary

Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Biology terms are from the Biology Glossary; Earth & Space Science terms are from the Earth & Space Science Glossary.

Biology

From this standard
  • argument
  • atmosphere
  • biosphere
  • carbon
  • climate
  • coevolution
  • constraint
  • erosion
  • evolution
  • feedback mechanism
  • habitat
  • microorganism
  • ocean
  • oxygen
  • soil
  • stability and change
  • stromatolite
  • weathering
From released exam questions

Earth & Space Science

From this standard
  • argument
  • atmosphere
  • biogeology
  • biosphere
  • biosphere feedback
  • carbon
  • carbon dioxide
  • coevolution
  • constraints
  • coral reefs
  • deposition
  • dynamic causes and effects
  • Earth
  • Earth’s early oceans
  • Earth’s interior
  • Earth’s surface
  • Earth’s systems
  • erosion
  • evolution of life
  • feedback
  • geoscience factors
  • habitats
  • land plants
  • microbial life
  • microorganisms
  • ocean
  • outgassing
  • oxygen
  • oxygen production
  • photosynthetic life
  • reefs
  • soil
  • soil formation
  • stromatolites
  • weathering rates
From released exam questions

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ESS2-7 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Identify the correct example, from those provided, of the coevolution of two Earth’s systems and the effect on life on Earth. January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 10, January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 46
Level 2: Support a given argument by identifying the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth. August 2026 Biology Question 47, June 2026 Biology Question 25, January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 49, August 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 22
Level 3: Support a given argument by describing the evidence for the coevolution of feedbacks between Earth’s systems and life on Earth. June 2026 Biology Question 3
Level 4: Construct an argument based on evidence about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth. August 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 28, January 2026 Earth and Space Science Question 48, August 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 23, June 2025 Earth and Space Science Question 30
Level 5: Compare and evaluate competing scientifically-based arguments in light of currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations, constraints, and ethical issues about the coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
Notice: PLD levels!

NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ESS2-7 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Engaging in Argument from Evidence
    • Construct an oral and written argument or counter-arguments based on data and evidence.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ESS2.D: Weather and Climate
    • Gradual atmospheric changes were due to plants and other organisms that captured carbon dioxide and released oxygen.
  • ESS2.E: Biogeology
    • The many dynamic and delicate feedbacks between the biosphere and other Earth systems cause a continual co-evolution of Earth's surface and the life that exists on it.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Stability and Change
    • Much of science deals with constructing explanations of how things change and how they remain stable.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science and Biology | HS. Earth's Systems
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