HS-ETS1-3 | Evaluating Solutions and Trade-offs · NYS standard · Regents questions

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Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

Note: this is a performance expectation for four classes: Earth and Space Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.

Regents Exam Questions

Released New York State Regents exam questions that assess HS-ETS1-3 are listed here by exam and question cluster. Each link opens the question with its answer key.

Chemistry

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Chemistry Regents Safe Transport of Drinking Water Question 44
June 2026 Chemistry Regents How Glow Became Gloom Question 5
Balloon Arches Question 27
Photosynthetic Pathways Question 41

Physics

Exam Cluster Question
June 2026 Physics Regents From Astro Blaster to Supernova Question 40
Physics sample clusters (Spring 2025) Automotive Optics Question 5

Biology

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Biology Regents Deep-Sea Dilemmas Question 8
June 2026 Biology Regents Nitrogen: Friend or Foe? Question 9
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Question 18
Buzzy Bees Question 32
January 2026 Biology Regents Space Invader Question 9
August 2025 Biology Regents Ivory and Elephants Question 19
The Human Journey from One Cell to 30 Trillion Question 41
Driving the Florida Panther to Extinction Question 45
June 2025 Biology Regents Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 25
Salt Marsh Shoreline Question 27
Keystone Species: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs Question 42
Biology sample clusters (Spring 2024) Coral Reefs Question 6

Earth & Space Science

Exam Cluster Question
August 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The Aral Sea Region Question 32
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’pai Volcano Question 46
June 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Question 20
New York’s Concrete Industry Question 31
January 2026 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Bennu Question 37
June 2025 Earth and Space Sciences Regents Ghost Forests Question 40

Performance Level Descriptions

Every Regents exam question on HS-ETS1-3 is written to match one of the performance level descriptions (PLDs) below.

Level 1: Identify the solution from those provided, to a complex real-world problem based on given criteria and/or constraints.
Level 2: Describe a solution to a complex real-world problem based on given criteria and constraints.
Level 3: Identify a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and/or trade-offs (positives and negatives) for a range of constraints, such as cost, safety, reliability, aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, or environmental impacts.
Level 4: Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of multiple constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
Level 5: Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria by generating a prioritized list of criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of multiple constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts. Explain how these solutions affect society and the environment.

Vocabulary

Terms that come from this standard or from the released exam questions that assess it, listed by subject. Chemistry terms are from the Chemistry Glossary; Physics terms are from the Physics Glossary; Biology terms are from the Biology Glossary; Earth & Space Science terms are from the Earth & Space Science Glossary.

Chemistry

From this standard
  • constraint
  • criteria
  • evidence
  • reliability
  • trade-off
From released exam questions

Physics

From this standard
  • aesthetics
  • complex real-world problem
  • constraints
  • cost
  • costs and benefits
  • criteria
  • engineering
  • evidence
  • new technologies
  • prioritized criteria
  • reliability
  • safety
  • social, cultural, and environmental impacts
  • solution
  • trade-offs
From released exam questions

Biology

From this standard
  • constraint
  • criteria
  • environmental impacts
  • trade-off
From released exam questions

Earth & Space Science

From this standard
  • complex real-world problem
  • constraints
  • cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics
  • costs and benefits
  • criteria
  • Earth
  • new technologies
  • prioritized criteria
  • social, cultural, and environmental impacts
  • trade-offs
From released exam questions

Resources

Examples and discussion of resources for the learning, teaching, and assessment of HS-ETS1-3.

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NGSS Dimensions

Performance expectation HS-ETS1-3 was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices
  • Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
    • Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.
Disciplinary Core Ideas
  • ETS1.B: Developing Possible Solutions
    • When evaluating solutions, it is important to take into account a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics, and to consider social, cultural, and environmental impacts.
Crosscutting Concepts
  • Connections to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science: Influence of Science, Engineering, and Technology on Society and the Natural World
    • New technologies can have deep impacts on society and the environment, including some that were not anticipated. Analysis of costs and benefits is a critical aspect of decisions about technology.
Page contributors: Conrad Richman, Caroline Leonard
Earth and Space Science, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics | HS. Engineering Design
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