Difference between revisions of "Earth & Space Science Glossary"
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Latest revision as of 09:40, 23 June 2025
This glossary is strictly limited to terms originating from official NYSED materials such as standards and released test questions.
A
- accretion
- agricultural efficiency
- albedo
- annular solar eclipse
- ancient minerals
- Arctic Ocean
- artificial impacts
- Appalachian Mountains
- asteroids
- asthenosphere
- astronomical evidence
- Atlantic Coast
- atmosphere
- atmospheric composition
- atmospheric pressure
- auto exhaust
B
- barrier sand bar
- basalt
- basan
- Big Bang theory
- biodiversity
- biomass
- biosphere feedback
- biosphere
- butte
C
- Caledonian Mountain
- carbon cycle
- carbon dioxide
- carbon
- central ancient core
- celestial bodies
- Central Pangean Mountains
- chemical weathering
- climate change
- climate feedback
- climate modeling
- climate system
- coastal erosion
- coevolution
- comets
- composition of matter
- composition
- compressional wave velocity
- conservation
- constructive forces
- continental crust
- continental features
- continental rift zone
- convection current
- convergent plate boundary
- coral reefs
- cosmic microwave background (CMB)
- cost‑benefit analysis
- cratering record
- crust
- crustal rocks
- cryosphere
- crystallization
D
- decomposition
- delta
- density
- density‑driven flow
- deposition
- destructive forces
- divergent plate boundary
- droughts
- dynamic causes and effects
E
- Earth’s formation
- Earth’s layers
- Earth’s magnetic field
- Earth’s orbit
- Earth’s surface
- Earth’s systems
- Earth
- earthquakes
- East Greenland Current
- eclipse
- ecosystem degradation
- electromagnetic energy
- electromagnetic radiation
- element formation
- elements
- elliptical orbits
- emissions
- energy balance
- energy flow
- energy transfer
- eolian
- erosion
F
- feedback
- feldspar
- fertile soils
- first quarter moon
- flood basalts
- floods
- flow of energy
- fossil fuels
- France
- fresh water
- frost wedging
- full moon
G
- galaxy
- garnet
- geoengineering
- geologic history
- geologic processes
- geoscience data
- geoscience factors
- geosphere
- giant impact hypothesis
- glacier
- glacial ice volumes
- glacial ice
- glacial melt
- global temperature
- global temperatures
- gravitational attraction
- greenhouse gases
- ground vegetation
- groundwater recharge
- Gulf of Mexico
H
- helium
- humidity
- hurricanes
- hydrogen
- hydroelectric energy
- hydrologic cycle
- hydrosphere
- hot spot
- Hudson Bay
I
- ice extent
- ice
- igneous rock
- impact craters
- infrared radiation
- inlet
- inner core
- interior processes
- iron
J
K
L
- La Rance River
- La Rance Tidal Barrage
- lakes
- land use
- late heavy bombardment
- light spectra
- lithosphere
- living organisms
- lower mantle
- lunar crust
M
- magma
- magnetic polarity
- magnesium silicates
- magnetism
- mantle convection
- mantle
- mass migrations
- mass of a star
- mass wasting
- mass
- mechanical weathering
- mesa
- metamorphic rock
- meteorite impacts
- meteorites
- methane
- microbial life
- mid‑ocean ridges
- migration
- minerals
- mining
- model
- molten rock
- moon formation
- moon rocks
- moonquake
- moon
- motion
- moraine
- mountain
N
- natural hazards
- natural resources
- negative feedback
- nested deep Moonquakes
- Newtonian gravity
- new moon
- New York
- non-renewable resource
- North America
- North American continental crust
- North Pole
- Northern Europe
- Norwegian Current
- nuclear energy
- nuclear fusion
- nucleosynthesis
O
- observations
- ocean acidification
- ocean circulation
- ocean‑floor features
- ocean
- oceanic crust
- orbital motion
- orbital velocity
- orogeny
- outer core
- oxygen production
- oxygen
P
- Pacific Coast
- Pangea
- per‑capita consumption
- permafrost
- photosynthesis
- planetary body
- planetary surfaces
- planets
- plate interaction
- plate spreading
- plate tectonics
- plateaus
- polar Easterlies
- Polar Front Jet Stream
- pollution
- positive feedback
- potassium
- precipitation patterns
- precipitation
- pyroxene
Q
R
- radiation
- radioactive decay
- radioactive isotopes
- radiometric dating
- recrystallization
- recycling
- redshift
- reefs
- release energy
- renewable resource
- resource management
- river
- rock cycle
- runoff
S
- salinity
- satellites
- sea ice
- sea level rise
- sea level
- sedimentary rock
- sediment transport
- seismic activity
- seismic waves
- shallow moonquakes
- shear wave velocity
- shield volcano
- silicates
- silicon
- snow cover
- soil erosion
- soil formation
- soil moisture content
- soil
- solar eclipse
- solar flares
- solar output
- solar system
- space weather
- space weather
- spatial scales
- species diversity
- spinel
- stars
- stellar evolution
- stratovolcano
- stream deposition
- stream deposition
- stream transportation
- sun’s core
- sunspot cycle
- supernova
- surface processes
- surface temperature
- surface trench
- sustainability
- system feedback
T
- tectonic uplift
- temperature trends
- temporal scales
- Theia
- thermal convection
- thorium
- tides
- total solar eclipse
- transition core
- tributary
U
V
W
- water
- water flux
- waning crescent moon
- waning gibbous moon
- waxing crescent moon
- waxing gibbous moon
- weathering
- wetland loss
- wetlands
X
Y
Z
Page contributors: Shirley Shameen